Explaining governmental organizational structure Essay - 1

Explaining governmental organizational structure - Essay Example   unlike others, which speak for a single type of activity, it represents the men and women in the state’s government aviation agencies, who serve the public interests.  It comprises of highly qualified professionals in the aviation industry who collaborate with the federal government in the improvement and preservation of the safest and most efficient aviation system in the world. Others group include Aviation Advocacy Group, which advocates for the welfare of the air travelers. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is in charge of codifying principles as well methods of air navigation, internationally. It promotes the planning and growth of global air transport to ascertain safe and systematic growth (The Federal Transit Association, 2012). The Agricultural Aviation Association, for instance, Aerial Agricultural Association encourages agricultural industry based on pilots, staffs, and operators and the search for the best practices in the industry. Airline Groups and Associations works as watchdogs of the industry and provides advice to passengers on their rights and education materials that are published, for instance, Airline Public Relations Organization, AIRETS, and Air Transport Users Council. Airport Groups and Associations comprise of the airport management professionals (The Federal Transit Association, 2012). It was formed to compare operating performances and determine the best practices for the industry. The Airship and Ballooning Group and Association promote all matters relating to airships in magazines, books, and papers. It encourages research work on the airship. Flight Attendance Group comprises of flight attendants and retirees who come together to promote best practices of flight attendance and support charitable organizations. Gliding organizations promote the design and construction of sailplanes, which improves performance and safety (The Federal Transit Association, 2012). Medical Organizations help the air medical

Theoretical Framework for Hr Thesis Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Framework for Hr Thesis Essay 1. Definition of Motivation and Employee Motivation 1. Definition of Motivation Many contemporary authors have also defined the concept of motivation. Motivation has been defined as: the psychological process that gives behavior purpose and direction (Kreitner, 1995); a predisposition to behave in a purposive manner to achieve specific, unmet needs (Buford, Bedeian, Lindner, 1995); an internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need (Higgins, 1994); and the will to achieve (Bedeian, 1993). According to John R. Schermerhorn (2010), the term motivation is used in management theory to describe forces within the individual that account for the level, direction, and persistence of effort expended at work. Motivation can be defined as the process that initiates, guides and maintains goal-oriented behaviors. It involves the biological, emotional, social and cognitive forces that activate behaviors. In its simplest definition, the term motivation is frequently used to describe why a person does something. (Cherry, 2011). An individuals motivation is influenced by biological, intellectual, social and emotional factors. As such, motivation is a complex, not easily defined, intrinsic driving force that can also be influenced by external factors. Every employee has activities, events, people, and goals in his or her life that he or she finds motivating. Generally speaking , for this thesis, motivation is operationally defined as the inner force that drives individuals to accomplish personal and organizational goals. Motivation is an employees intrinsic enthusiasm about and drive to accomplish activities related to work. Motivation is that internal drive that causes an individual to decide to take action. So, motivation about some aspect of life exists in each persons consciousness and actions. 2. Definition of Employee Motivation The trick for employers is to figure out how to inspire employee motivation at work. To create a work environment in which an employee is motivated about work, involves both intrinsically satisfying and extrinsically encouraging factors. Employee motivation is the combination of fulfilling the employees needs and expectations from work and the workplace factors that enable employee motivation or not. These variables make motivating employees challenging. Employers understand that they need to provide a work environment that creates motivation in people. But, many employers fail to understand the significance of motivation in accomplishing their mission and vision. Even when they understand the importance of motivation, they lack the skill and knowledge to provide a work environment that fosters employee motivation. From Rick Pitino’s point of view, The only way to get people to like working hard is to motivate them. Today, people must understand why theyre working hard. Every individual in an organization is motivated by something different. Employee motivation can be approached in many ways with different definitions. With Twyla Dell, The heart of motivation is to give people what they really want most from work. The more you are able to provide what they want, the more you should expect what you really want, namely: productivity, quality, and service. (Dell, 1988). G. Jones and J. George from the book Contemporary Management†, defined motivation as Psychological forces that determine the direction of a persons behavior in an organization, a persons level of effort and a persons level of persistence. And this approach is used as the employee motivation definition in the thesis 2. Motivation theories There are many theories that refer to motivate people such as ERG theory by Clayton Alderfer, Acquired Needs theory by David McClelland, Expectancy theory by Victor Vroom, etc. In this thesis, the author applied Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg’s Two – Factors Theory as the theoretical framework for the thesis 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs The theory of human needs developed by Abraham Maslow was introduced in this part as an important theoretical framework for the thesis. Psychologist Abraham Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation and his subsequent book Motivation and Personality. This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. This hierarchy is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, while the more complex needs are located at the top of the pyramid. Needs at the bottom of the pyramid are basic physical requirements including the need for food, water, sleep, and warmth. Once these lower-level needs have been met, people can move on to the next level of needs, which are for safety and security. As people progress up the pyramid, needs become increasingly psychological and social. Soon, the need for love, friendship, and intimacy become important. Further up the pyramid, the need for personal esteem and feelings of accomplishment take priority. Maslow emphasized the importance of self-actualization, which is a process of growing and developing as a person in order to achieve individual potential [pic] There are five different levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Physiological needs: the most basic needs for human to survival, (such as air, water, food, sex, sleep, etc). In working environment, it can be rest and refreshment breaks, physical comfort on the job or reasonable work hours. According to Maslow, if these needs are not satisfied, the human body can not function properly, and will ultimately fail. Physiological needs are supposed to be the most important and should be met first. Safety needs: After the physiological needs are satisfied, people’s attention turn to safety and security. Social needs: the first level of higher level needs is social needs. Social needs are those related to interact with others which includes: friendship, belonging to a group, giving and receiving love Esteem needs: Esteem needs can be categorized as external motivators such as recognition, attention, and social status. While internal motivators include accomplishment and self – respect. Self actualisation needs:This is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. (Cherry, 2011) 2. The theory Herzberg’s Two – Factor The Two – Factor theory by Herzberg is one of the most influential studies on motivation which describes needs in terms of satisfaction and disatisfaction. Herzberg found that the factors causing job satisfaction were different from those causing job dissatisfaction. He developed the motivation – hygiene theory to explain these results. He called the satisfiers â€Å"motivators† and the dissatisfiers â€Å"hygiene factors†, using the term â€Å"hygiene† in the sense that they are considered maintenance factors that are necessary to avoid dissatisfaction but that by themselves do not provide satisfaction. [pic] 1. Motivation factors Herzberg explains that motivation factors are related to â€Å"what people do† on the job or â€Å"job content† Motivation factors include such things as a sense of responsibility, feelings of recognition, a sense of achievement,  feelings of personal growth, the opportunity for advancement and work itself. Presence of motivation factors influences job satisfaction levels Responsibility: A duty or obligation to satisfactorily perform or complete a task (assigned by someone, or created by ones own promise or circumstances) that one must fulfill, and which has a consequent penalty for failure. Recognition: Recognition is identifying something you learned previously and is therefore stored in some manner in memory. The employees should be praised and recognized for their accomplishments by the managers. Achievement: The definition of achievement also includes its opposite, the failure or the absence of achievement. Success put into this category consists of the followings: successful completion of a job, solutions to problems, vindication, and seeing the results of one’s work. (Herzberg, 2008, p.45 -143) Personal growth: There must be growth and advancement opportunities in an organization to motivate the employees to perform well. Advancement: Advancement is an actual change in the status or position of the person in the company. In situation in which an individual transfers from one part of the company to another without any change in status but increases opportunities for responsible work, the change is considered an increased responsibility, but not formally an advancement. (Herzberg, 2008, p.46) Work itself ( Job – itself interesting and fulfilling work): The work itself should be meaningful, interesting and challenging for the employee to perform and to get motivated. 2. Hygiene factors According to Herzberg, hygiene factors influence directly on job  dissatisfaction. The hygiene factors are found in the job context and include such things as working conditions, interpersonal relations, base wage or salary, and technical quality of supervision. By improving them, such as by implemetenting a no – smooking policy, can make people less dissatisfied at work. However, it will not increase job satisfaction. Hygiene factors include: Working condition: The working conditions should be safe, clean and hygienic. The work equipments should be updated and well-maintained. Interpersonal relations: The relationship of the employees with his peers, superiors and subordinates should be appropriate and acceptable. There should be no conflict or humiliation element present. Base wage and salary: The pay or salary structure should be appropriate and reasonable. It must be equal and competitive to those in the same industry in the same domain. Supervision – technical : This category refers to the competence or incompetence; fairness or unfairness of the supervisor; supervisor’s willingness or unwillingness to delegate responsibility, to teach subordinates. (Herzberg, 2008, p.47) 3. The combination of Motivation factor and Hygiene factor The combination of hygiene and motivation factors can result in 4 conditions: 1. High Hygiene/High Motivation: The ideal situation where employees are highly motivated and have few problems. 2. High Hygiene/Low Motivation: Employees have few problems but are not highly motivated. 3. Low Hygiene/High Motivation: Employees are motivated but have a lot of problems. 4. Low Hygiene/Low Motivation: The worst situation. Unmotivated employees with lots of problems. Herzberg’s theories can be summarized by his quote, â€Å"If you want people to do a good job, give them a good job to do.† The two factor theory is useful because job context  and content are major issues in the business world today.

Three Plans For Reconstruction Essay -- essays research papers

Analysis of the Three Plans for Reconstruction The American Civil War, lasting from 1861-1865, was the most severe military conflict the country had seen; it involved the United States of America (the Union), and eleven secessionist Southern states (the Confederate States of America). The war was the upshot of decades worth of political, social, and economic conflict between the agricultural South, which produced mainly cash crops such as cotton, tobacco, and sugarcane, and the industrial North. The South depended on its four million slaves for its social and economic livelihood, whereas the North despised slavery as immoral and illegal. Even before General Lee’s surrender in 1865, the federal government was confronted with an acute dilemma, how to reunite the country. First Lincoln, then Johnson, and lastly Congress, imposed their ideas of how best to restore the Union, that is to say properly execute the task of Reconstruction. Reconstruction was initiated by incumbant President Abraham Lincoln before the war ended. On December 8, 1963, Lincoln revealed his rather extremely lenient Reconstruction plan. He proposed to grant a pardon to any confederate (excluding high-ranking officials), who would swear their allegence to the Union and accept the end of slavery. If ten percent of the 1860 voting population had taken the oath, that state would hold a constitutional convention. If the delegates had written a state constitution endorsing the 13th Amendment, that state could be re-admitted to the Union. Andrew Johnson, President Lincoln’s Vice President, and successor after his assasination in April of 1865, unveiled his own Reconstruction plan on May 29 of the same year. Johnson’s plan, which closely resembled Lincoln’s, said the President would appoint a governor to each state (after ten percent of the 1860 population took the oath Lincoln had prescribed in 1863), who would convene a constitutional convention. At this convention, the state had to write a new constitution, void secession, abolish slavery, ratify the 13th Amendment, and stop the payment of war debts. If given a pardon by the President, former Confederate officers and persons owning land worth over $20,000, could vote. Johnson felt that under his plan, Reconstruction would take a few months; in fact, the belief that his plan was too lenient towards the South –he granted 13,000 pardo... ...to restore Southern society to antebellum status (as demonstrated by his vetos of the Freedmen’s Bureau, and of the Civil Rights Bill); and as a result, replenish the ruined Southern economy. Congressional Reconstruction, brought on a complete social revolution in the south. The South had a military occupation on their hands, and due to their continual resistance to Reconstruction allowed for the passing of seven separate legislations, aimed at changing their way of life. Politically, blacks had significant potential with the right to vote, especially in Mississippi, South Carolina, and Louisiana, where they were the majority of the population. Blacks managed to gain seventeen seats in Congress (two were in the Senate), and an equivalent number of state offices. Had the South agreed to Lincoln’s terms, or even Johnson’s, they would have been able to continue politically, socially and economically just as they had before the war. Unfortunately for the South, their pride and ignorance, caused them to unknowingly choose the greater of three evils. Although Reconstruction ultimately failed, it would have attained optimal results had the South accepted Lincolnâ⠂¬â„¢s Reconstruction Plan.

The Greatest Literary Emblem of the Middle Ages Essay -- Literary Anal

In order to study the troubadours, it is of high importance to understand the context in which they flourished and developed, which was the Medieval Era. The Middle Ages is the period of European history that goes from the collapse of the Roman civilization to the beginning of the Renaissance, and it extends from about 500 to 1500 ca. (â€Å"Middle Ages†). This period is called the â€Å"Dark Ages† since it is regarded by the Renaissance scholars as a long interval of superstition, ignorance, barbarism, and social oppression due to the fact that the Medieval era was a fight to establish a new society independent from the Roman standards and philosophy. However, it is now acknowledged that it was a dynamic period, in which Europe built a new distinct cultural unit. Moreover, it profoundly reorganized the European political, social, economic, and most importantly cultural structures (â€Å"History of Europe†), but its effects greatly differ from country to countr y, and one of the most influenced countries was France, mainly because of its cultural, artistic (painting, architecture, literature), and philosophical enhancement. The main characteristic of the Middle Ages in France was the development of love and romance, mainly in the literary aspect. Nevertheless, only certain high-class and educated people could have this privilege, and the main representatives of this love and romance literary expansion, despite coming from all kind of social classes, were the troubadours because of their poetry, origin, and values. To begin with, it is important to remember that during the Middle Ages, the great majority of population was not educated, and some people could not even read and write, so nobody was able to produce literary works. Consequently, Ga... ...Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. . "Bernard de Ventadour." Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Online Academic Edition. Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. . Maccarone, Christian E. "Les troubadours: au-delà   des chansons d'amour." sssstrinakria.org. Centro Studi Storico-Sociali Sicilani. Web. 14 Mar. 2012. . "Chivalry." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6Th Edition (2011): 1. MasterFILE Premier. Web. 16 Mar. 2012. .

Disparity

Disparity is the state of being unequal or different in some respect. This brings to inequality being lack of equality and also the distance toward the rich and poor. Poverty is when having very little or no money and very few or no material possessions. As for development is the act of improvement meaning gaining, expanding, or enlarging. Inequality and poverty can cause a country not to develop well, unless you have a good strategy. In this case I will show you a developed country (Spain) and a under developed county (Chad). I will do this by explaining four disparities of the same for both countries. Those disparities are total population, unemployment rate, and condom use. The geographical location of Spain is in south Western Europe boarded by the Liberian peninsula and Mediterranean Sea. This does not influence the countries development because it can cause good trade with other countries which makes good business and a better economy. Their government is parliamentary monarchy and this doesn’t seem to affect their economy in any way due to the fact that the government leader is carried out by a cabinet and its chancellor who is part of legislature. Spain’s health care system seem to be running smoothly since they have a universal healthcare, which is open to everyone even tourists. As for their education system Spain is known as LOE meaning Ley Organcia De Educacion or fundamental law of education this is good for them and keeps their peoples standards highly well. Spain is a MEDC due to their seas of free trade and also tourists give them a better part of living and handling their surrounding well. Spain’s only problem would be their GDP because it has fallen and known to be as global recession this would only be there issue on improving their development. The geographical location of Chad is north central of Africa measuring at 1, 284,000 square kilometers. This seems to influence the countries development due to the fact that Chad isn’t very popular on trading and being the second largest lake in Africa. But more of the problem would be their government which is a republic voted by the people. In my opinion it seems the people do not know who to vote for anyway because of many problems they seem to be facing. One of their problems would be education, Chad does not have great educational skills and wont ever only because they need help from professionals in order to teach and make there country successful. Education might be one major fact of Chad being an LEDC, but the others would be resources and their health care system. Chad might be producing fast and more due to education not teaching them to be protected but also their health is a big problem because they do not have the great foods and proteins they need, which can cause as a result to death. In my opinion if Chad had help to start increasing their educational system then this could soon lead to actually having a good health care system and plan on having resources and good food, but one must begin to take charge soon. The first disparity I will be explaining is on the total population of Chad and Spain. Chad’s total population is 10,758,975, which seems to be high but in this case not so much due to the fact that Spain’s has a total population of 46,754,784. Chad might not have many people because of their way of living. Meaning they do not have the resources, supplies, and food they need. Every hour three people die from Chad due to one of these three economical developments that need to be improved in order for Chad to improve. As for Spain being at 46,754,784, gives them a better rate of living meaning they have good health care, resources, and food to survive with. The reason Spain is better then Chad is because they do not have the necessities that they need in order to survive. Secondly, the disparity would be unemployment rate, and this would be considered a big issue for Chad due to the fact that they do not have any unemployment rate record. The reason for this would be because it is already hard for people living in Chad to find a job and to not be unemployed means that there living status is as great either. As for Spain their unemployment rate would be 20%. So for this case they seem to be fine with the proper ages of working and those who are dependent of the workers. In my opinion to why Chad doesn’t have an unemployment rate is because in order to be unemployed you must have a job and in order to have a good job you must be educated, which Chad does not have. As for Spain though has the process of education, work, and unemployment with the cycles of ages meaning the dependents and workers. Third and final would be the use of condoms which is interesting due to Spain only using 37. 7% and Chad at 14. 3%. Spain was the most surprising because they are educated and don’t use condoms so much. While Chad is uneducated and of course hardly uses them they wouldn’t really seem notice the bad deal to it. In my opinion since Spain is more educated they should have had used the condoms and should consider them more since they know the consequences unlike Chad. In order for Chad to understand more they must make a well educational system and programs about staying protected or it can lead to diseases as well. My MEDC Spain needs to address the fact on developing a global partnership for development because they seem to have everything in order for them that they should help out others like LEDC Chad. They can do this by developing a program with many people and figure out a plan on how to bring Chad as a good country, starting with resources, medical supplies, education, ect. Now as for Chad there most important goal right now would be to achieve universal primary education because the only way to understand about condom used would be through there own basic knowledge. And to have basic knowledge you must at least some portion of knowledge within you. Chad can start to do this by making a program or at least finding some sort of help to start them off in developing into a MEDC. Spain in my opinion can help Chad by going down and making a program to start off their education needs and working skills in making a well developed country. With this it can also reduce their high record of HIV/AIDS and improve on using condoms as well into making a well balanced country. The millennium development goals have helped my LEDC Chad, but the won who started this improvement is Yokohama, Japan. Japan has helped with their economic growth rate, peace building, climate change and environmental concerns. Their theme is called â€Å"towards a vibrant Africa: A continent of hope and opportunity. † All that Japan is helping on is being broken down into a session which is a good idea to explain to all successfully in developing into a MEDC. I do think that millennium development goals are worth while because if Japan can make a difference with Chad then other MEDC’s can help other LEDC’s in becoming a well developed country. All it takes is one person to make a difference into making a new world. My final conclusions would be that Spain is well developed country that can help other LEDC’s into being a developed country. As for Chad I learned that they have many problems but all they need is help in starting to develop one step at a time like Japan is doing. This type of research is important to an IB learner because it shows us the struggles that people are having in life and to be considerate to those that need help and to explore more and learn about your basic countries information that could be interesting. Also maybe to get some ideas on actually helping out those LEDC’s into developing and living a good lifestyle that can give them food everyday and the resources they need. It is possible to reduce disparities in the world and it only takes one or a strong group of people to do it because those who make the differences strive and achieve more in life.

Graffiti Culture Is it a Form of Artistic Expression or Criminal Activity

Graffiti Culture Is it a Form of Artistic Expression or Criminal Activity Introduction Various studies have over the years attempted to delineate the reasons and motivating factors behind the exposition of a wide range of popular cultures, and a good number of them have directed their efforts towards studying the graffiti culture.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Graffiti Culture: Is it a Form of Artistic Expression or Criminal Activity? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though consensus is yet to be achieved on the major driving factors of this form of subculture, a number of seminal studies demonstrate that graffiti has been used by sociologists, anthropologists and other researchers to understand a wide range of issues, including adolescent personality, group behavior, sexual orientation and attitudes, gang territoriality, female suppression, social processes, racial undertones, and communication cues (Alonso 2). In the recent past, however, many states across the United States h ave criminalized this type of written expression, with some legislating punitive measures intended to curb the perceived decline of urban civility and destruction of private and public property. This ethnographic study will attempt to evaluate if graffiti culture is a form of artistic and cultural expression or if it is perpetrated with criminal or gangland intent. An analysis of graffiti culture is important as the findings of this study will expand the existing pool of knowledge especially in understanding the real motivating factors behind graffiti writers. Additionally, the findings of this study will serve as a barometer in understanding the behavior, attitudes, value propositions, and social-cultural processes of this segment of society. More importantly, the findings will inform policy initiatives and directions aimed at legislating for or against the use of graffiti as a form of expression. Background In contextual terms â€Å"†¦the word graffiti means little scratchin gs (sic) and it comes from the Italian graffiare, which means to scratch† (Alonso 2). Graffiti writers have been largely studied by researchers with the intention of demonstrating how this segment of society expresses attachment to particular beliefs, attitudes, social processes, and value propositions through conformance with or rebellion against existing mores and rule of law (Sliwa Cairns 73). Some studies form the opinion that graffiti provide a unique insight into society, in large part due to the fact that the scribbled messages are made without fear of social restrictions that might otherwise inhibit free expression of political, social, cultural or controversial thoughts (Alonso 2).Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scholars postulates that â€Å"†¦the graffiti culture, like any other culture, present itself in different forms, dependent on the social a nd cultural component of the local community, the distribution of cultural knowledge, the age of the culture and particularly, the presence or lack of an established hierarchy possessing experienced writers† (Serkan Gulsen 1). In equal measure, graffiti serves diverse types of functions. The Los Angeles gang graffiti, for instance, serves as a significant medium to understanding this segment of society as the graffiti not only delineates space, but also put a focus on the existing territory (Alonso 2). Other forms of graffiti, according to this particular author, serves as a tool of communication as they are perceived to constantly challenge the hegemonic discourses of the dominant group in addition to assisting in comprehending the social and cultural meaning of these ‘disadvantaged’ groups. A study undertaken to evaluate the commitment of graffiti writers argues that graffers are freely able to express themselves through their artwork as â€Å"†¦it is con ceivable to live exhibiting neither explicit compliance with, nor opposition to, norms of behavior accepted by society, or any grouping within it† (Sliwa Cairns 75). These researchers are of the opinion that many empirical analysis done by normative social scientists fail to recognize the commitment of graffers and instead depict them in simplistic terms as individuals who lack commitment to generally accepted mores of society. Contrary to this popularly held view, most graffers are motivated by the urge to share their own perceptions of the world rather than rely on meta-narratives that only seek to present a singular, unchallenged and exclusive version of reality (Sliwa Cairns 75). In other quarters, graffiti is perceived as one of the few successful attempts made by the voiceless masses to enforce their presence on urban culture (Kriegel 432). According to the author, â€Å"†¦graffiti proves that behind the rage of urban poverty there remains an endurance of aspirat ion† (Kriegel 435). Consequently, it can be argued that the importance of graffiti lies in the voice it provides to the expression of suppressed anger and contempt of the existing social or political order. However, one author is quick to point that graffiti not only implies the destruction of city life, but it also â€Å"†¦denies the possibility of an urban community by insisting that individual style is a more natural right than the communitarian demands of city life† (Kriegel 433). More importantly, this particular author notes any form of graffiti – political or otherwise – intrudes on the privacy of the wider public by voicing a specific protest that may not be in tandem with the views and expectations held by the general public.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Graffiti Culture: Is it a Form of Artistic Expression or Criminal Activity? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Gr affiti is seen and defined in some quarters as a criminal activity which is lumped with other undesirable behaviors such as drug dependence and mindless violence and together labeled as ‘bad symptoms’ of civilization (Sliwa Cairns 75). The authors further argue that the very fact that graffiti is carried out anonymously and away from public scrutiny underlines its criminal nature. What’s more, spray-painting public property with undue disregard of the views, attitudes and values of the wider public, or without express permission from the authorities, is by itself criminal (Sliwa Cairns 74). These observations led one analyst to conclude that if graffiti truly constitutes an art form, then it is ultimately an art that is inspired by an urge to destroy the root concept of what apparently created it (Kriegel, 436). It is therefore imperative to know if graffiti is truly a form of artistic expression or purely a criminal activity. As already mentioned, such knowled ge can be used to inform policy initiatives and directions aimed at legislating rules for or against the use of graffiti as a form of expression. Based on the above review of related literature, this ethnographic study will be guided by the following research questions: What are the main motivators of graffiti culture? What are the social and economic benefits and costs associated with graffiti? Do you believe that the exposition of graffiti is a clear sign of social decline and anti-social behavior? What constitutes the reasons as to why graffiti should or should not be criminalized? Research This ethnographic study relied on participant observation and interviews to collect primary data needed to answer the key research questions. In most ethnographic studies â€Å"†¦people’s actions and accounts are studied in everyday contexts, rather than under conditions created by the researcher† (Hammersley Atkinson 3). As such, the researcher utilized participant obser vation to gather data by participating in the daily life experiences of graffiti writers. This approach entailed everyday interactions and conversations aimed at discovering in-depth insights into the graffiti writers’ interpretations of the experiences and situations they are involved in. participant observation should be aimed at generating an in-depth description of social interactions and experiences within natural settings (Smith para. 5). Through participating as a member of the graffiti group while observing it, the researcher noted that most graffiti writers were motivated by the current social and political order, and they engaged in graffiti to express their own opinions of the current occurrences. A particular graffiti that caught the attention of the researcher depicted the recent shooting of Osama bin Laden with the inscription that â€Å"KILL OSAMA-REMAIN THE ONLY SUPERPOWER.† The researcher also observed that graffiti writers were not only motivated by t heir aesthetic appeal, but also by a perceived social aspect of sharing an event, experience or activity with ‘friends.’ It was also observed that continued involvement in graffiti writing was associated with pride, pleasure, enjoyment of spray-painting, and recognition achieved from writing.Advertising Looking for research paper on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The researcher noted that these particular motivators were not associated with any quantifiable benefits apart from the intrinsic outcomes described above. In addition, the researcher noted that boredom and rebellion to the existing order (especially state and local authority laws and bylaws) formed a central component in motivating graffiti writers to spray-paint public and private property. Lastly, the researcher observed that some graffiti writers engaged in the practice for competition. The informants for this ethnographic study consisted of three graffiti writers and two local government officials. The informants were subjected to a brief interview process that sought to achieve an in-depth knowledge and understanding about some of the perspectives that were not apparent from the initial participant observations. The interviews were largely unstructured. From the responses of the graffiti writers, the researcher noted that graffiti was to a large extent driven by emotional, soc ial or political expression as opposed to other variables mentioned in previous studies, such as drugs, immorality and social decadence. It was also noted from the graffiti writers interviewed that they were to some extent driven by the pursuit of ‘illegal fame’ and recognition. The writers, however, denied that graffiti was connected to drugs and criminal activities though they acknowledged that some graffiti was associated with gangland behaviors and territoriality interests. Lastly, graffiti writers contended that graffiti should not be criminalized as doing so amounted to contravening the freedom of expression. The researcher interviewed the local authority officials to gain a deeper understanding of the social and economic benefits and costs of graffiti, and criminalization of graffiti. The two officials were in agreement that the graffiti culture had led to unsightly, damaging and costly ramifications for private property owners as well as for public buildings. Th e officials were in agreement that graffiti does not have economic and social benefits to society in general and the writers in particular. However, graffiti vandalism, as they preferred to call it, occasioned unwarranted costs to businesses, individuals, and organs of state or local government in removing the graffiti; increased insurance premiums for public and private property; increased government taxes; and impacted negatively on the value of private property. These reasons, according to the local government officials, are more than enough to warrant the criminalization of graffiti culture. Socially, the officials felt that graffiti culture continually undermines community perceptions of safety, not mentioning that it exhibits discernible symptoms of social decline and anti-social behavior. Lastly, the officials were in agreement that graffiti culture warrants criminal reprimand as it is often associated with other undesirable behaviors such as drug-taking, theft, loitering, ga ngland activities, and private and public property destruction. Analysis and Conclusions The data collected during participant observation and interviews satisfactorily answers the key study questions. The main motivators of graffiti culture, according to the gathered data include: need to artistically express the current social and political order from the graffiti writer’s own opinion; aesthetic appeal; need to share an event or experience with friends; pride; pleasure; enjoyment; recognition; competition; boredom and; rebellion. This information expands on the existing knowledge as to what actually propels the graffiti culture (Sliwa Cairns 75). From the graffiti writers’ perspective, it has been revealed that graffiti provides intrinsic emotional and social rewards in terms of freely expressing one’s thoughts, recognition, and pleasure. One previous study had perceived graffiti culture as one of the few successful attempts made by the voiceless masses to en force their presence on urban culture (Kriegel 432). It is however interesting to note that graffiti culture carries no perceived benefits outside the scope of the writers as can be demonstrated by the interview responses from the local authority officials. As such, it can be safely concluded that graffiti culture impinges on the rights and privacy of others who may be not necessarily share the views or opinions of the graffiti writers. This view has been well espoused in the review of literature (Kriegel 433). Again, the findings demonstrate that graffiti is not a sign of social and moral decadence from the mouth of the players, but other interested parties think otherwise. Indeed, the culture has been accused of causing wanton destruction of property, not mentioning that it has been positively correlated to other disruptive behaviors, such as drug use and abuse, theft, loitering, and gangland activities. This finding has been collaborated in previous studies (Kriegel 435). The fin dings have overwhelmingly depicted graffiti culture as a form of artistic expression mainly intended to avail a forum where current political, cultural, and social issues can be discussed from the graffiti writer’s lens rather than relying on dominant discourses of information. This finding has been well corroborated in previous studies (Sliwa Cairns 75; Serkan Gulsen 1). However, there is overbearing evidence from the findings that graffiti culture needs to be checked and legislated so as not to impinge on the rights and freedoms of other people. Going by the findings, graffiti culture should not be criminalized; rather, it should be legislated upon through the use of a legal framework that ensures that excesses of the artwork are checked and punitive measures applied for those who fail to obey the rules, just as it is done in other areas of law. Blanket criminalization of graffiti culture is unnecessary. The government should also consider coming up with designated areas where writers can legitimately express themselves without causing damage to public or private property. Alonso, A. Urban Graffiti on the City Landscape. 1998. Web. Hammersley, M., Atkinson, P. Ethnography: Principles in Practice. Taylor Francis e-Library. 2007. Kriegel, L. Graffiti: Tunnel Notes of a New Yorker. American Scholar 62.3 (1993): 431-436. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier Database. Serkan, G., Gulsen, Y. Understanding Graffiti in the Built Environment: The Case in Ankara, Turkiye. 2006. Web. Smith, M.K. Participant Observation and Informal Education. 1997. Web. Sliwa, M., Cairns, G. Exploring Narratives and Antenarratives of Graffiti Artists: Beyond Dichotomies of Commitment and Detachment. Culture Organization 13.1 (2007): 73-82. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier Database.

Free Essays on Industrial Age

Was the Industrial Age good or bad? The Industrial Age has both good points and bad points. However, I myself think the Industrial Age has more bad parts to it than good parts. First of all, I’m going to talk about the good parts of the Industrial Age then I’m going to tell you about the bad part of the Industrial Age. There are many ways people could help the Industrial Age be better also. Although there aren’t that many positive effects of the Industrial Revolution there are some. The biggest positive effect of the Industrial Revolution was all the new inventions made during that time. Some of these inventions are the loom, the flying shuttle, the jenny, and the cotton gin. These new inventions improved factories’ efficiency and they also increased productivity in factories. In the beginning of the Industrial Age new technology and inventions were pretty affordable for people to buy. Architecture also improved. The last positive effects of the Industrial Revolution were that the city populations increased, and ownership of land was not the chief distinction between social classes. There are a lot of positive effects of the Industrial Revolution, but I think there are more negative effects than positive ones. Every day I wondered if the stories about how bad the workers in the factories were treated were true or not so, I went to visit some of these factories to see if these stories were true or not. When I arrived at one of these factories I was appalled when I saw dozens of children working in dangerous jobs. When doing their (the children) jobs they could’ve accidentally get their fingers, or another body part, cut off very easily, and in the conditions- dusty, polluted air- these children could catch diseases easily also. These children also had the lowest wages out of all the people (men, women, and children). In another factory I found out that workers were risking losing their limbs from loud, u... Free Essays on Industrial Age Free Essays on Industrial Age Was the Industrial Age good or bad? The Industrial Age has both good points and bad points. However, I myself think the Industrial Age has more bad parts to it than good parts. First of all, I’m going to talk about the good parts of the Industrial Age then I’m going to tell you about the bad part of the Industrial Age. There are many ways people could help the Industrial Age be better also. Although there aren’t that many positive effects of the Industrial Revolution there are some. The biggest positive effect of the Industrial Revolution was all the new inventions made during that time. Some of these inventions are the loom, the flying shuttle, the jenny, and the cotton gin. These new inventions improved factories’ efficiency and they also increased productivity in factories. In the beginning of the Industrial Age new technology and inventions were pretty affordable for people to buy. Architecture also improved. The last positive effects of the Industrial Revolution were that the city populations increased, and ownership of land was not the chief distinction between social classes. There are a lot of positive effects of the Industrial Revolution, but I think there are more negative effects than positive ones. Every day I wondered if the stories about how bad the workers in the factories were treated were true or not so, I went to visit some of these factories to see if these stories were true or not. When I arrived at one of these factories I was appalled when I saw dozens of children working in dangerous jobs. When doing their (the children) jobs they could’ve accidentally get their fingers, or another body part, cut off very easily, and in the conditions- dusty, polluted air- these children could catch diseases easily also. These children also had the lowest wages out of all the people (men, women, and children). In another factory I found out that workers were risking losing their limbs from loud, u...

Federation essays

Federation essays The move to federation was not an easy one; there was lots of debating and disagreement, as Alfred Deakin wrote in 1900 its accomplishment must always appear to have been secured by a series of miracles. It was not until the late 1880s that a movement towards federation really started to gather strength. Before this the colonies held the believe that federation would do little for them, they were too busy in there own local problems. However a sense of nationalism was growing and Australia was primarily an Anglo Saxon, English speaking country and Australians were determined to keep it that way. By the 1880s 70% of Australian people were native born, these Australians regarded Australia as home. Australians had also become worried about the number of Chinese immigrants coming into Australia during the gold rush. There were also pacific islanders who came to work in Queensland on the sugarcanes.. There were a lot of problems with defence during the mid 1880s, the activities of Germany and France coursed concerns Because they were growing in power and they were interested in countries nearby. These countries were New Guinea and New Caledonia. States could not hold out attacks, They would need a united nation to help them. There were also problems of communication, train lines between the states were different widths. This meant that the passengers had to get of the train at each off the borders and wait for the train on the other sides. This also caused problems with defence, soldiers had to get of and wait for another train. This takes up time. In 1880 the father of federation Henry Parkes, also the premier of New South Wales suggested the formation of a federal council to address the publics questions about federation. This council was not formed until 1885. New Zealand were involved with the federal council but did not continue for long because their representatives found it to far to tra ...

Quality and Reliability Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

Quality and Reliability Management - Assignment Example This essay discusses that the Six Sigma method functions very well within health care processes. Six Sigma ventures within health care industry concentrate on delivery of direct care, managerial sustenance and monetary supervision. Six Sigma ventures can be carried out within the following health care procedures. †¢ Raising competence in X-ray room †¢ Decreasing turnaround period in arranging medicinal information †¢ Recuperating patient approval on ER †¢ Dropping bottle necks in emergency unit †¢ Dropping cycle time within a number of in-patient as well as out-patient investigative divisions †¢ Decreasing the amount of medicinal inaccuracies and for this reason improving patient security †¢ Boosting the precision of lab results †¢ Raising the precision of billing procedures and, as a result, decreasing the quantity of billing blunders †¢ Enhancing bed accessibility across a number of divisions within hospitals †¢ Decreasing the amount of post-operative injury issues as well as associated injuries †¢ Enhancing surgical competence †¢ Decreasing duration of stay in ER †¢ Decreasing inventory levels †¢ Enhancing patient list precision Critical success factors have a vital part in the execution of Six Sigma ventures in the health care industry. The heads in health care industry must think about the use of Six Sigma from the perception of recuperating the value as well as potential of existing procedures as well as the capacity of procedures to carry patient care along with security (Frings & Grant, 2005, p. 315). Using Six Sigma within a health care division is not simple, and if top executives are not involved, it is â€Å"almost certainly a formula for failure† (Anthony, 1995, p. 240). The use of Six Sigma must start with a broad outline of Six Sigma company policy for the top executive group, guaranteeing buy-in as well as dedication for the execution. Six Sigma venture supporters in charge for recognizing and controlling ventures should be cautiously selected. The choice of correct individuals is significant for the implementation of Six Sigma ventures. Once the Six Sigma infrastructure is classified with the assistance of a Six Sigma specialist with sufficient knowledge from service sector, guidance may start. The venture supporters should collect a fine summary of Six Sigma basics in addition to the abilities necessary for venture selection, project prioritisation, and venture scoping as well as project implementation. Possible Six Sigma ventures in a healthcare setting may link to functional procedures for instance, billing or workflow or they may entail medical process such as prescription management (Taner et al, 1988, p. 331). There are quite a lot of obstacles occurring in the way of health care sector for concern before the execution and exploitation of Six Sigma

Team Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Team Development - Assignment Example ve communication in business depends on a feedback cycle, which encompasses listening to the message, speaking and confirming that whatever has been heard is what was intended to be passed across. Parties that get engaged in communication that is highly interactive often make use of the feedback cycle to reach decisions that are mutually beneficial (Yukl, 2010). When communication is carried out in the organization across different levels, the time frame, and type of the feedback cycle can influence the overall effectiveness of that organization. Leaders of a company who spend some time to pinpoint their most operational, organizational communication form often take lead in the most effective teams in the organization (Boynton & Fischer, 2005). In such manner, team players that acclimatize their styles of communication to align with those of their leaders usually achieve more than peers who have a disparity in modes of speaking and writing. Organizations that have been labeled to be the most effective usually manage to hit a balance between communication and action to prevent them from falling into a phenomenon known as ‘analysis paralysis.’ Communicator type of team players is basically process oriented. They are effective facilitators of conflict resolution, involvement, feedback, consensus building, and they are good listeners. They also help create an informal relaxed climate (Thompson, 2008). In many cases, communicators are â€Å"people person,† meaning he stands with the majority, and they sometimes see the process as the means to an end in itself. They avoid confronting other team members and may not even put a lot of emphasis on making advancement towards the objectives set by the team (Lencioni, 2002).. They are considerate, relaxed, supportive tactful and enthusiastic. Their positive attributes are that they have the voice of the majority. Because of their figure, they are better heard and listened to by people. They are also very enthusiastic

Aircraft inspection either a 100 hourly inspection or annual Research Paper

Aircraft inspection either a 100 hourly inspection or annual inspection student comes up with the type of scenerio - Research Paper Example This involved inspection of the aircraft’s conformity to prescribed regulations. Conformity inspection involved review of designated data and all document required as per the stipulations by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). As a matter of fact, conformity inspection sought to ensure that JPY had correctly undertook all processes and tests required by FAA. Additionally, it involved inspection of the parts to ensure they are in compliance with design data. Initial investigations involved evaluation of the existing documents for conformity before comparing the engine’s current condition to conformity requirements. Finally, the areas with problems were identified and appropriate course of action adopted. Of interest were the permanent records provided by JPY and these included the following: 1. The aircraft’s log book: confirmation for valid seal from FAA and existence of validly filled information 2. Aircraft Worthiness Certificate documentation. This cert ifies that the aircraft owner and operator have maintained the aircraft in airworthy condition. Additionally, it allows understanding of the persons allowed to perform maintenance, preventive maintenance, or any alterations on the aircraft. Conventionally, two conditions have to be met before the aircraft is considered â€Å"airworthy†. 3. A supplemental type certificate (STC) is a type certificate (TC) issued when an applicant has received FAA approval to modify an aircraft from its original design.  Ã‚  The STC, which incorporates by reference the related TC, approves not only the modification but also how that modification affects the original design. These are useful in not only knowing the modifications but also the effect that the modification had on the aircraft’s original design. 4. The Type Certificate Data sheet :) that is, when the aircraft configuration and the components installed are consistent with the drawing, specifications, and other data that are p art of the TC, and include any supplemental TC and field-approved alterations incorporated into the aircraft. 5. The Pilot’s Operating hand book provides useful information on weight and balance, operating ranges of the aircraft and airworthiness of the aircraft. 6. Also , included with the aircrafts documentation came the weight and balance certificate Description of the scenario The aircraft was brought was availed for repair by JPY. The process was initiated through a call from JPY to our maintenance department complaint being magneto issues encountered earlier. JPY had initially thought the issue had been resolved but it suddenly recurred and hence the need for further inspection and correction. The first meeting between us and JPY was held on the 23rd of November, 2013 at 1654 Entrance Drive New Braunfels Texas on the Flight Ramp outside the hanger’s main entrance. JPY flew the aircraft from Karnes County Airport to our facility. During the meeting, a comprehensiv e discussion of the problems encountered with JPY’s Cessna 320B were discussed, in addition to various documentations for the aircraft being handed over for inspection. The log books revealed that the aircraft was due for 100-hourly

Medtronic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medtronic - Essay Example Help analyse the underlying causes, strengths and weaknesses, market forces and factors that affect performance to determine the optimum objectives that the organization may target. Having briefly defined the role of the Board we look at how the Board of Directors of Medtronics has performed. Details provided in the case study paint a very positive picture of the proactive role that the Board has played in the success of the Company. It has done all that is required and gone several steps further. The role that the Board has played in strict adherence to the mission statement of the company and, in the drive of the company to excel in technology and quality initiatives is indeed commendable. The Board has been a friend and guide for management, evidenced by the comment of Bill George, "In addition to its traditional role of governance, the Medtronic board is very effective as a sounding board, to advise and consult with management on the challenges we face." (p1) or that of Earl Bakken, "As we have grown and evolved, we have leaned on our board of directors for their direction." (p3). The active interest that the Board has taken in the operations of the company, their focus on the long term, regardless of below par performance on the financial front, represent some of the peculiarities of the Medtronic board that may not be found in most companies. It is usual for boards to look at only financial performance for the quarter and stop at that. It is truly amazing to find a board that has such faith in the future of the company that temporary setbacks on the earnings per share (see performance results) have not led to the typical automatic reaction. As Bill George points out in his book "Authentic Leadership", the board was successful in grappling with the larger ethical issues of what an organization owes to the public and its employees beyond the narrow obligation to increase shareholder value. The relationship between the CEO, Bill George and the board are similarly cordial and mutual understanding and respect at a very high level exists. While the CEO handles operational management, he does not consider the careful watch that the board keeps

Qatar Airways Market Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Qatar Airways Market Research - Essay Example Qatar Airways is a reasonably recent provincial airline company that is heading toward becoming an international brand. It has insistently moved in the direction of accomplishing its growth strategy objectives. This has been possible to a certain extent due to growing brand acknowledgment as well as awareness. Qatar Airways had generated brand awareness by means of many conduits, for instance advertising via print media, radio, television, and the internet. This had helped the airline company in presenting its image in a range of formats. The image of Qatar Airline that has been built by its initiatives is that of a progressive and premium airline that provides exclusive and outstanding customer service. The company endorses customary Arabic hospitality at the same time as embracing the attributes of other cultures. This can be understood from the mix of employees that are on board of the airline, who come from a diverse range of backgrounds (Qatar Airways, 2012). In the year 2011, Qatar Airways attained a landmark by covering 100 destinations in its international route map. The Qatar Airways was also named the Airline of the Year 2011 at the yearly Skytrax World Airline Awards. It was observed that more than 18 million travelers across the world casted their votes for the Airline (Qatar Airways, 2012)... Domain Analysis In the present times, the airline industry is distinguished by an unstable, aggressively competitive and deregulated atmosphere. The existence of such a competitive atmosphere had transformed the business strategies and management practices in the domestic as well as the global airline business. Owing to rising customer awareness and customer expectations in addition intense rivalry amongst the various players in the airline business, the major challenge of the airline companies is to discover new approaches to accomplish sustained profitability by means of more efficient management tools and enhanced customer service. The airline companies across the world face significant amount of challenges to maintain and live up to their passenger’s expectations, opposition from new airways, rising passenger traffic, latest types of coalitions and associations across organizations as well as across borders, in addition to the necessity to provide exceptional safety and se curity to their passengers (Stanford University, n.d.). Market Analysis One of the most significant developments in the airlines industry during the eighties was the privatization of the government owned airways. However, as of early 2000, a large number of global airlines companies were still majority government owned (Stanford University, n.d.). Owing to the deregulation in the United States, the airline business became more and more concentrated. More concentration in the airline industry has been observed in the European region as well. In the last decade, the innovative low-cost value-based airways have emerged strongly. Simultaneously, during the same period, one had observed consolidation in the full-service airways as well.

Medtronic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medtronic - Essay Example Help analyse the underlying causes, strengths and weaknesses, market forces and factors that affect performance to determine the optimum objectives that the organization may target. Having briefly defined the role of the Board we look at how the Board of Directors of Medtronics has performed. Details provided in the case study paint a very positive picture of the proactive role that the Board has played in the success of the Company. It has done all that is required and gone several steps further. The role that the Board has played in strict adherence to the mission statement of the company and, in the drive of the company to excel in technology and quality initiatives is indeed commendable. The Board has been a friend and guide for management, evidenced by the comment of Bill George, "In addition to its traditional role of governance, the Medtronic board is very effective as a sounding board, to advise and consult with management on the challenges we face." (p1) or that of Earl Bakken, "As we have grown and evolved, we have leaned on our board of directors for their direction." (p3). The active interest that the Board has taken in the operations of the company, their focus on the long term, regardless of below par performance on the financial front, represent some of the peculiarities of the Medtronic board that may not be found in most companies. It is usual for boards to look at only financial performance for the quarter and stop at that. It is truly amazing to find a board that has such faith in the future of the company that temporary setbacks on the earnings per share (see performance results) have not led to the typical automatic reaction. As Bill George points out in his book "Authentic Leadership", the board was successful in grappling with the larger ethical issues of what an organization owes to the public and its employees beyond the narrow obligation to increase shareholder value. The relationship between the CEO, Bill George and the board are similarly cordial and mutual understanding and respect at a very high level exists. While the CEO handles operational management, he does not consider the careful watch that the board keeps

How does a biotic-energy company (from Germany) to entry Thailand's Research Paper

How does a biotic-energy company (from Germany) to entry Thailand's market - Research Paper Example Major objective of the study is to provide a research paper in order to explain how a German Biotic-Energy company can enter in the Thailand market. The research will focus on the cultural differences in two countries. Finally, the study will recommend the organization how to develop and practice the business strategies in Thai market to achieve a sustainable growth. German Biotic-Energy Company Culture Analysis Germany is one of the developed European countries. Economically it is the third largest country in the world. German Biotic-Energy Company is trying to enter in the Thai market. Therefore, it is important to conduct a culture analysis of the organization in terms of value, language, decision making custom and religion. Decision making of the German organization is slow and detailed process. The organization tries to engage all the internal stakeholders in the decision making process. The organization does not draw significant conclusions based on the unstructured and spontan eous results. The management of the organization gives respect to all of its stakeholders during the decision making process. The organizational business culture is well defined. The company follows strictly observed organizational hierarchy. The organization follows typical German business culture. The employees never integrate personal aspects in their workplace. German Biotic-Energy Company follows a professional organizational structure. In work place the employees try to give value and respect to their sub-ordinates. German people are strongly individualistic. The employees within the Biotic-Energy Company follow through thought process. German is the official language. Therefore, according to their culture and value, they try to share their views and thoughts in German language. German people always respect people of every religion in business or organization. Almost 30% of total population is Christian. Rest of the population follows other religion. German people are very con servative. German Biotic-Energy Company tries to provide value people of all religions and gender. It is important for the organization to analyze the Thai Business culture before entering into the Thai market. Several Cultural aspects in International Business Language, religion, values and decision making custom are the major cultural aspects that can influence or affect an international business. It is true that, the Western countries are diversifying their business in the Asian countries in order to access resources such as labor, land and capital in low cost. These are huge motivating factors for the organizations. But, several cultural differences between two countries can affect the business performance of the German firm in the Thai market. Religion Religious view of majority of the Germans is Christianity. On the other hand, majority of the Thai people believes in Buddhism. Therefore, different religion background can create huge challenge for the business. It is known to a ll that, religion is a sensitive intangible matter of human beings2. Religion can integrate or separate a group of people. More than 90% of total population practices Buddhism. The Thai people believe in peace and honesty. These people are strong believer of their religion. They follow each and every aspect of their religion in both personal and professional life. According to their religion, simplicity and free of desire will bring Nirvana or

Work or overwork †balance with synergies Essay Example for Free

Work or overwork – balance with synergies Essay Efficient management of overwork is learnt with experience of work. As years pass by, work experience shapes a person into a disciplined individual offering ability to manage work with efficiency and perfection. All that is important here is to realize one’s own strength, skills, experience in terms of physical work, mind work (desk jobs) which result in overwork either by extending working hours or by multi-tasking. A clear assessment and analysis of SWOT would benefit an individual. What is overwork? Oxford lexicon provides the meaning as â€Å"working too hard†, â€Å"excessive work causing exhaustion† and wordnet search provides the meaning as â€Å"the act of working too much or too long†. e. g. he became ill from overwork. Normal working hours fall in a range of 5-8 hrs per day in most of the organizations and industries all over the world. Overworking offers additional monetary benefits for industrial workers and employees and it is purely in the interest of workforce, OT (over timing) at the time of payment of salaries is considered, which also increase the production / output capacities of organizations. Overwork ! is it a problem? American Institute of Stress report 2005 states that $300 billion per annum were spent by American employers due to stress-related illnesses caused by overworking. Increasingly stressful overworking hours harm the workforce in developing cardiac problems and clinical therapy related problems which mounts the medical bills. In order to prevent such emotional or health related risks, an individual must develop a self-help chart of taking a quick-break in work to relieve the stress and also handle any grievance without delay. Very few people practice spiritual development which provides self-confidence, ability to handle overwork without any problem in any given situation. Lengthening of workweek Most of the countries practice 5-6 working days a week. According to the report of ILO U. S work records 1,884 hours, France 1,545 hours and Germany 1,444 hours per year. Dierk Hirschel, Economist of German Federation of Trade Unions, considers that 35 hours / week should be the norm and states that â€Å"We work less in Germany but have a higher level of productivity, we can produce more per hour because people are relaxed since they don’t have to work as much as in other countries†. Factors for considering lengthening of workweek are demographical, gender and a clear assessment of skill of workforce. 79% of U. S employees have access to paid vacations which helps in relaxing, enjoying a holiday with family which rejuvenates moods and energy to get back to work with freshness. Away from hustle-bustle is the best remedy to regain energies, spend time and dedication to family and also to review achievements made at work. In fact this is the best offer employees receive as incentive from work environments. Lenghtening of workweek offers dual benefit to organisations and employees in terms of increasing output for former and monetary benefits for latter. This is again dependent on the volume and size of organisations in these globalised 24/7 economy which has increased workloads to a greater extent extending the need of efficient workforce seeking work as first priority and efficiency and perfection rule and lead in a professional environment. SWOT Analysis Organisations must endeavor to make an analysis of SWOT of workforce as this analysis will help organisations to consider the percentage of output that can be derived out of each employee. Also employees in order to get trained for one’s own benefit, must make a list of S=strengths, W=weaknesses, O=opportunities and T=threats to overcome deficiencies and to make improvements in the core areas. This analysis will help an employee to improve in working hours, handle tough tasks and also to manage time in work places. If proper management at personal level is positive, management at work becomes easier as a process in a course of time along through the work experience. Improper assessment of one’s own skills and abilities and undertaking the tasks which are beyond one’s capacity, certainly lead to failure and lowers the image and reputation in work environment. Conclusion Work is the basic necessity to earn money in order to make a living and irrespective of gender, every one need to work whether small or big according to education and skills. Overwork is challenging and it is an opportunity to display one’s efficiency and success against all odds. Pooling up of resources to make improvisation in one’s work and grow in job by overworking gaining recognition will further strengthen one’s reputation in an organisation and goodwill is an intangible asset that organisations admire and can never afford to lose a hard working employee. Conclusively overwork and lengthening of workweek is in the interest of employees and must build enough strength to work on. These opportunities must be used to the fullest extent by employees while learning how to balance family and work, particularly in these globalised times where work is ruling.

The Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan

The Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan The Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan In the National context of Mental Health in New Zealand during 1800 and 1900, almost 50% of people living in New Zealand are experiencing of some form of Mental Illness. The first lunatic asylum opened in New Zealand on 1854 is in Karori, Wellington. A mentally ill person is being held in the prison at first because there is no place to care for each of them. Around 1860s and 1870s, the government is starting to build more asylums around the country and they usually built it on the edges of the towns. The Karori, near at the Wellington on 1854, Dunedin and Sunnyside, Christchurch 1863, The Whau, Auckland 1867, Seaview, Hokitika 1872, and Nelson 1876. In 1950 they have discovered new drugs that they believe to treat mental illnesses and some psychotherapy are the things that are used more often in the asylums. They are hoping that those new drugs will cure and transform the lives of the people who are experiencing a chronic illness. Like, injecting a too much insulin to regulate in their brain and they will do a what they called â€Å" Prefrontal Leucotomy†, it is a brain surgery for the person with mental illness but both of them is producing a side effects to the body and brain of the patient. So, they have decided to discontinue that treatment. They do more research on how to transform a person with mental illness and they come up with the Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT), it is using a chemical to persuade a seizure. As of the moment the ECT is still present at some mental hospitals and they are doing it more safely and more modified rather than the first ECT used in the asylums. In 1950s they started to found drugs that can treat a depression, mania, anxiety and psychosis. Most of the staff in the first asylums that are built ages ago do not have any medical training or do not have medical background. Restraint are often used in the asylums like locked cloths or gloves, it is a soft jacket made of cloth that doesn’t allow any movement from the arms of the patient with mental illness and also they are secluding a patient who are dangerous and having a challenging behaviour. They are starting to develop the treatment that are used in the asylums and as time goes by the patients with mental illnesses are manage and stabilised. They are being discharge from the mental hospitals sooner compared the time of being discharge before but some are being re admit again in the mental hospitals because their actions and behaviours is back. Ministry of Health is providing a compulsory treatments and assessments for the people who are considered having a mental illness. Protecting the persons with mental disorders who are posing to harm, hurt and can make a serious risk about their own self or to others. The Ministry of health is promoting the safety and protections of the mental health consumers in a way of explaining and clarifying the role of the clinicians and services. They are also aiming for the treatment and care of the alcoholics and drug addicts that are also being confined in the rehab where they can learn how to control their own self and how to know they limitations while undergoing in the treatments assigned to them. The Ministry of Health is providing an accurate level of care for the persons who are in the mental hospitals and for those persons who are drug addict or the alcoholism. The government is funding the health and disability services anywhere in New Zealand. They are giving a free outpatient and inpatient hospitals which are open to public and services that the people with mental illness or disabilities needs. Some are not qualified to use the services funded publicly but they can still use the services, they just only have to pay for their own bill because it is not free for them and they can also get some insurance in case that something happened to them and they don’t have extra money on that moment, the insurance will help them to pay for the bill that they have. The District Health Board is also funding the mental health illnesses and the addiction. They are helping those people who have an addiction and alcoholic problems and also those people who are experiencing a mental illness. They are helping to and providing the services that they need to ensure the health and safety of the person. Their aim is to provide the accurate treatment to tr eat them. Terminology, is a terms that are used in a special subject, science, business, or art. There are also terms that people usually call the person with mental illness like; Lunatic, A person who is ill mentally. Imbecile and idiot, a person which is stupid and madness, a person who cannot think in a right way and doing some action which are not appropriate for a normal person to do. Discrimination and stigma is one of the most identified attitudes of the society towards the person with mental illness. Stigma has an impact to the person with mental illness especially if they are the one who is stigmatizing their own self called self stigmatizing which they turned against on their own self. It is happening on both self stigma and public because they are just letting the self esteem and confidence of a person by showing and having a prejudice mind towards the others. Most of the person who has or have a mental illness are already experience discrimination in the society. In a way of cannot go to normal school because some children will tease them, not having a job because they are not being trusted because of their actions, social dignity and having a relationship. They are not just the only person who is experiencing discrimination in the society but also the family of the person with mental illness. We all know that news can easily spread and the family will be a ffected also because the society is discriminating and judging them about having a family member who has a mental illness or addiction. The stereotypes of a person with mental illness is the society knows that a person has a mental illness, addict, and alcoholic; they will stay away from them because they are judging that they will get hurt because in their mind they just think that those person will hurt them because they cannot think normally. There is also a barrier to every person who has a disability because they cannot socialize with a normal people, they were also afraid that they will get hurt by the normal people because they have a disability. They are just losing the confidence to face other people. Most of them feel afraid to face everyone because some of them do not know how to trust because even their own family member is just hurting them if they lose their patience on taking care the person with mental illness. We all know that a person with mental Illness some are the result and symptoms of their mental illness but also some are the side effects of the medication. Like, if they were given an anti psy chotic drugs and the side effects are getting drowsy and confuse. They will think that someone will hurt them, or having a paranoia. Their instinct as a human being is to protect their own self that is the reason why they are starting to hurt someone or will have a challenging behaviour. The Rising Challenge about the Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan of 2012-2017 which provides the guide to the Mental Health and addiction sector, and also in this plan they include the funders, clear path on plans and the providers of the Mental Health and addiction services on the priority areas of the government for the development of each services that they provide. They are also focusing on the better resources of the materials used to the person with a mental illness, providing the needs that each person in the hospitals, rehabs, and mental hospitals. They are just not focusing on the adults with illnesses or addiction but all of the ages are their priorities even if they are infants or a child. There are many government agencies that are funding the Mental Health. One of them is the Mental Health Foundation; they work to influence and bring awareness to the family/ whanau of the person with a mental illness and also they are improving and sustaining the mental health of the person with mental illness to gain and show their potential. The Ministry of Health is funding the plan, and provides health services including public health services, hospitals within the location. They are also supporting and funding services in the disability sector, mental health service, screening programs, maternity services and any kind of services related to the health of a person. Most of the funds are coming from the taxes of the workers in New Zealand, each worker has an equivalent percentage of tax depending on their annual salary but most of the salary has a 10.5 percentage of tax if their annual salary is 60,000 New Zealand dollars and that is where all the funds are coming from. So most of the workers around New Zealand have participation on funding the public hospitals or for the people having a disability or mental illness. References Warwick Brunton. Mental health services, Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 9-Nov-12 URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/mental-health-services Warwick Brunton. Mental health services Lunatic asylums, 1840s to 1900s, Te Ara the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, updated 13-Jul-12 URL: http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/en/mental-health-services/page-2 The Porirua Hospital and Museum.( 1997). The Origins of Mental Health Care in New Zealand andWellington. Retrieved from: http://poriruahospitalmuseum.org.nz/history/the-origins-of-mental-health-care-in-new-zealand-and-wellington/ Miriam Webster dictionary. (2015). Dictionary: Terminology. Retrieved from: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/terminology Oxford University Press.(2015).Oxford Dictionaries: Lunatic and Imbecile. Retrieved from: www.oxforddictionaries.com Ministry of health.(2012).Guidelines to the Mental Health (Compulsory Assessment and Treatment) Act1992. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from: www.health.govt.nzis Ministry of health.(2011).Publicly funded health and disability services. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from: www.health.govt.nzis The Guardian.(2011). Mental Health: Attitudes improving towards mental illness,. Retrieved from: www.theguardian.com/society/2011/jun/08/attitudes-mental-health-survey Ministry of Health.(2012-2017).Rising to the Challenge: The Mental Health and Addiction Service Development Plan 2012-2017.Wellington:Ministry of Health. Retrieved from: www.health.govt.nz/publication/rising-challenge-mental-health-and-addiction-service-development-plan-2012-2017 Mental Health Foundation.(2015).Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand: Different Government agencies. Retrieved from: www.mentalhealth.org.nz Ministry of Health.(2014). Funding: New Zealand’s health and disability system is mainly funded from general taxation. Retrieved From: www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/overview-health-system/funding

The Protestant Reformation Essay examples -- Martin Luther, venality,

During the Late Middle Ages, Christian followers and clergy were becoming increasingly concerned about the corruption of the church. Some had even declared that the dogma was false, however, the church had dealt with similar challenges before. In the 1500’s a new series of attacks on the church’s authority had started to destroy Christianity creating both political and cultural consequences. At the center of the changes happening in Germany was Martin Luther who lived between 1483 and 1546. His life began simply enough. His father was a merchant and his grandfather was a peasant. Luther originally went to university to become a lawyer, when he had, â€Å"the calling† to become a not-so-humble Augustinian monk in 1505. He spent his life studying theology, becoming a cherished professor at the University of Wà ¼rttemberg in Germany. He was concerned to the point of obsession about sin and his search for salvation, and with help from his studies and desire for the truth; he became one of the biggest critics of the Catholic Church. Luther had many issues with the church, but his loathing for venality, the selling of things the church deems as taboo or illegal, and especially that of indulgences was what broke the camel’s back. These indulgences, which the church issued so, someone might be forgiven of their sins, was a considerable source of profits by as early as the 1400’s. Luther was vehemently against the trading of relics associated with Saint. He felt it encouraged superstition and pagan thoughts of magic, bringing them further from the true faith of the Christian beliefs. Luther’s most important criticisms had to do with the Catholic Theology. His argument was this: The Church had gotten away from the fundamentals of the... ...lvinists, which was the catalyst to the Hundred Years War. The Catholic church was losing ground physically and in the hearts of the people. While there were still a great many who remained loyal to Catholicism, there were still people like Calvin, King Henry VIII and Luther who felt the need to call the Catholics out on the problems within their faith, and how it was affecting everyone else. The reforms that had begun through the Lutheran folks, pushed its way through Europe which caused the Catholic church to become nervous. The Catholics fought back vigerously, but to no avail. The Lutherans, Calvins, Puratins and the countless other denominations formed from this big mess that has helped shape the modern world. Works Cited Hickey, M. "The Protestant Reformation." Western Civilization to 1650. Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg. 4 Dec. 2013. Lecture.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Com Essay -- essays research papers

In Kenneth Branaghs film Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein, the director, Kenneth Branagh sticks to the major themes of the original book with minute changes. There are many similarities and differences between the book and Kenneth Branagh’s adaptation of the book. I believe Mary Shelley wanted readers to catch the themes of child abandonment, presented in Victor abandoning his creature. She also wanted readers to have compassion and sympathy for the abandoned creature that Victor created out of dead body parts. Shelley wanted the creature to be similar to Victor in many ways. Shelley wanted to show the relation between life and death, and the unbreakable laws of nature. Shelley wanted readers to realize that we need to accept life and death, and not try to control it because life is the “Act of God'; and we cannot change that. She was implying that there are consequences for fooling with these laws of life and death. Even if you can create life out of dead body parts, ju st doing that, may ruin your whole perspective of the world, and throw anyone into a state of depression. This movie “Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein'; by Kenneth Branagh is a good representation of the original book overall, except for a few changes in plot, setting, characters,, and the relationships between them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many similarities and differences in the plot between the book and the latest Frankenstein film. Kenneth Branagh w...

Problems in business logic Essay

1.When compared to traditional desktop customers, why are mobile phone users much more likely to book a room or airline reservation for the same day? Mobile phone users were able to use an interactive application that allowed them to search by a set of particular items, which at the current time web users did not have that function. It was said that about less than a quarter web users booked a room for the same day while mobile users were more likely to book a room for the same day. 2.In the mobile design project of 2011, why did Orbitz management decide to construct a mobile Web site for corporate users rather than a native app? Orbitz decided that corporate users preferred using a mobile web app rather than a native app because business travelers already were using items such as smart phones, and felt that the mobile web site was more beneficially. 3.What is â€Å"business logic† and why was it important for corporate travelers to have online reservation systems that included business logic? Business logic is the communication step between Orbitz and the customer. It is important to have an online reservation system that included business logic is because a business traveler may need a place to stay quickly, and not know the area, they can make quick reservations from their mobile web app quickly. 4.Why did Orbitz reverse policy in 2012 and build native apps for each mobile platform (iOs and Android) instead of single mobile Web site? This change took place because Orbitz wanted customers to be able to enter their information all in one place without repetition. Customers would be able to compare prices, distances from their chosen activities and destinations and good deals. This redesign allows for fewer disruptions and site redirects. This allow shows that it increased the speed in which users were able to book hotels, flights and cars. Work Cited: Laudon, Kenneth C.. & Carol Guercio Traver. E-commerce: Business, Technology, Society. 10th ed. N.p. Print

Miss Furr and Miss Skeene

â€Å"Miss Furr and Miss Skeene† The study of creative works by way of exploiting diverse writing skills has contributed to the field of art becoming more fascinating, although, to some extent, mechanical and mystifying. The literal skills employed, in quite a number of cases, are in allegorical fashion in order to obscure the profound connotation of the inventive piece and reactions of the artist. Numerous artists have brought into the play the usage of such literal skills. These techniques are frequently seen in the modern day artistic works.Nevertheless, quite a good number of booklovers are exposed to complications in understanding these masterpieces. This has brought a lot of insights to the extent to which artists may explore in order to pass their ideas and themes to the rest of the society. In addition, the question on the importance of such literal styles to the rest of the people has also come up. To disentangle these, the social nature of humans play a key part sinc e it defines life factors such as contentment, indulgence and thinking.With reference to the artistic skills used to express an artist’s beliefs, the story of â€Å"Miss Furr and Miss Skeene† by Gertrude Stein, highlights the triviality and intrigues associated with artists. The narration of â€Å"Miss Furr and Miss Skeene† previously published in nineteen ninety two, revolves around two women who used to co-habit. This masterpiece involves the utilization of lopsided language and conventional approach to modern-day writing. The irrational reiteration of sentences in this narration puts importance on the two personalities’, Georgine Skeene and Helen Furr, connection (Stein 176).It is this verbatim elegance, replication of words, which shapes the derivation of the writer’s literal tactic. The duplication of words outlines the base of Stein’s literal tool. Repetition in this narration inclines to reveal the oblique resolutions. This is because it is useful in disengaging the approved sentiments to contraptions that are artless so as to be perceived in a different way. The sensible replication of the expression â€Å"gay† in Stein’s composition brings out the complications in comprehending the main significance of this narration. Stein tries to decipher the notion and distraction of opinion into an endless structure.At the same time, she presents her sentiments from varying platforms instantaneously. Repetition as a literal device is vital in underlining a given theory that the artiste anticipates to share with the rest of the society. With regard to Stein’s piece of work, the reiteration of the expression â€Å"gay† appears to be the essential insight as it gives ideas on the reflections and opinions of Stein (Stein 301). The repetitiveness generates an obstacle in the acknowledgement of the narration because readers acquire varying ideas about the author’s subject. Additionally, the ob scuring of the story by using â€Å"gay† reiterations makes it unexciting.The implication of â€Å"gay† attracts further questioning as it has several meanings. In the contemporary society, the expression â€Å"gay† refers to homosexuals. Nonetheless, in Stein’s composition, it ought to be studied in literal terms. In prehistoric period, the implication of this expression was wide-ranging depending on the circumstance in the play. The expression â€Å"gay† is composed of the word gai. This is a French adjective which refers to ‘joyful or pleasant’ acts. It is further related to bright, dazzling colors as demonstrated by Miss Mars’ decorated hair as well as the huge cosmetic application of both women.The rigorous exploitation of this word by replication turns out to be sensitive and erotic. On the other hand, persistent repetition of this word ends up with a dissimilar connotation as seen in the case of the amusing Mrs. and Mr. F urr and their household which ended up in misery (Stein 212). For a reader to ascertain the principal significance of the expression â€Å"gay† in Stein’s masterpiece, an intricate examination is obligatory. This calls for an additional laborious exercise so as to acquire the right information as well as interpretation. This whole process might contribute to lose of interest in Stein’s work.The solicitation of simple phrases to break down the regulations of writing is mystifying. Even so, Stein is able to reconstruct the human knowledge, an achievement that is way more amazing bearing in mind that the rejuvenation involves massive undertakings in developing conventional revelation. Related dialect in humans and theirs vital provision, which is insight and contemplation, is engrained in a desolate state of affair with, optimistic and an auspicious future to come. The regular descriptive work of Stein acts at the same time, as a limitation and a reparation charact eristically for the prolonged reflection of individuals.In addition to that, it acts as a prerequisite and forthcoming high stature for both the novelist and reader. The technique used by Stein to count on as well as direct this imagery is also mystifying. This is in line with the fact that there is no extensionality with the previous masterpiece. In addition to Stein’s notion as defined in the story, she worries with the conduction of life rather than creation of judgments. In the long run, Stein lays bare her anti-narrative expertise with witty customary clarifications where meditation is bound by an increasingly non-standard sentence organization of recounted processes (Stein 310).Putting in mind the manner in which she writes, Stein is set to bring out the essential routes of discernment and points of view with the purpose of articulating encountered circumstances, not as observed by an individual but as they noticeably transpire. The assertiveness of the author’s naturalism establishes her as an appealing individual and such charisma can be passed on as a macro-alternative and human prevailing miniature to out-of-date procedures of its representation.Consequently, her naturalism has progressed to the relentless present-day as a result of her writings on threshold of reliability with regard to the discussed subject. The author’s naturalism widens even to a greater extent to locate the advancement of the writing as the present-day process of leading life by an artist. This enables the artist to come up with the masterpiece as anticipated and make the masterpiece to reach the required standards. In this context, everything is alike apart from the period in which the composition was written as well as the duration taken to completely compose the short story.During the establishment of the masterpiece, no one thinks about the creation and insertion of the above aspects and parts in the masterpiece (Stein 356) The application of figurative language to obscure the profound meaning of a particular piece of fine art is due to a diversity of ideas that the author is apprehensive about. Artistic masterpieces that definitely exposed an artists’ emotional state have been in reality. This is since the ancient times. As a result of this, the need to cultivate fresh ideas might have been the only motivating force for artistes to endeavor in metaphorical writing.Since conventional narration was ideologically feasible and not naturally built, Stein endeavors to make clear to individuals on the nerve-wracking origin of contemplative living filled with the ecstasy of consideration as well as gazing. Furthermore, it highlights on the amiable inquest as to why we analyze things in a certain manner (Stein 3605). However, much a person expresses Stein’s masterpiece mastery, the greatness of conspiracy in the work is still delivered to the coming generation. The manifestation of sexuality in this narration is so intense th at this has sidelining of the author, Stein, for quite a few years.Through examining her own individuality, originally metaphorical and later vociferous, becomes available the proof of her definition of a feminist scrutiny in which â€Å"misperception† and â€Å"uncertainty† have an inclination of being â€Å"prosperous spots of innovation, particularly in production or about explorations on gender†. Her language routine makes Stein to be revered as a fundamental personality in the contemporary artistic world where unwary descriptions of affection, home life and natural surroundings are employed to promote wreckage and to raid the foundations of customary exposition.Stein maintains that the self-liable and self-conscious writing procedures are crucial. This is because such writing is entwined within the diligent and sociable aggravations as it â€Å"exists in a manner similar to a human being since hearing and listening is never a repetition† (Stein, 237) . Stein takes the initiative to educate individuals about the nerve-wracking fundamentals of the serious life complete with contentment in seeing as well as observing. She further enlightens individuals on the amiable perception of things in a certain way.No matter the way in which individuals demonstrate mastery of Stein’s writings, it simply dictates the passing on of their greatness. The procedure of Stein’s work creation still holds on to the progressing time. The author has managed to employ literal styles in her narration in order to get the deep thoughts of her readers. In doing so, the reader is presented with the opportunity to think critically and to view life issues from a wider perspective. Work cited Stein, Gertrude. Miss Furr and Miss Skeene. Understanding Literature. Eds. Kalaidjian, Walter, Judith Roof and Stephen Watt. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2004. 368-371 Print.