Saturday, December 28, 2019

President Obama Can Easily Become a One-Term President

Four years ago today, the 2008 election season was in full throttle. The Democratic primaries had an early start, with John Edwards officially announcing his candidacy for the Democratic nomination in December 2006, Hillary Clinton following in January 2007 and Barack Obama declaring his intentions for the Oval Office in February. The Republican contenders entered the race soon after and were competing for the nomination in early 2007. John McCain, the last viable contender to formally announce his candidacy besides Fred Thompson, made a formal announcement on March 1, 2007. Lydia Saad noted the awkwardness of no Republican front-runner at this period before an election. Indeed, prospective candidates for the 2012 GOP nomination have†¦show more content†¦These points, along with his major domestic policy reforms, guarantee his reelection. Yet, he states, with the Republican takeover of the House, the Democrats relinquished a vital key -- securing four keys for the GOP (Licht man). However, as we examine President Obama’s assets, we can also note many of his liabilities, and according to these measures we can state that an effective, extraordinary candidate -- that will drive the message home -- can beat President Obama in the upcoming elections. President Obama’s approval ratings have indeed gone up since the self-described â€Å"shellacking† his party had in the midterm elections. He moved to the center and negotiated with the Republicans to pass bi-partisan bills as he united the country behind Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords who was tragically shot in her district. However, his spike in the polls has come to a stop and is now sinking. A recent poll conducted by Gallup Daily shows that his approval rating is once again below the 50% mark, which poses peril to his re-election chances (See fig. 2). Yet, although his approval ratings are not that shallow, the popularity of his agenda and management remains at an all time low. Another recent poll by Lydia Saad for Gallup showed that his handling of the economy and deficit is at an all-time low. This low polling is â€Å"despite aShow MoreRelatedFall Of Russia1445 Words   |  6 Pagesstates , was dissolved. From it would be formed the Commonwealth of Independe nt States. While the name of the new Russia would undergo many changes, the relationship between the US and Russia remained in a slightly negative state. Relations did not become better or worse for the first few years of the CIS’s existence. The end of the decade would bring conflict into play with Russia’s concerns with NATO’s attack on Yugoslavia and Serbia upon discovering that these countries had the intentions of wipingRead MoreVoting Of The United States1249 Words   |  5 Pagessubmitting a vote one is doing so much more than just selecting the next president. You are selecting a leader. 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Friday, December 20, 2019

The Foundation Of The Roman Culture Essay - 2604 Words

Nathaniel Spina HIST 103 T/R 3:50-5:15 History Question #2 Question 1 The foundation of the Roman culture had a strong Etruscan influence due to their taking control of Rome circa 650 BC. The Etruscans transformed Rome into an actual, functioning city through urban planning and civil engineering projects. Although the Etruscans were hostile in their take over, the Romans would not have accomplished what they did alone. It was not until circa 500 BC that Rome successfully shook off Etruscan rule. Once they were free, the Romans established a republic, a form of government also to be used by many countries later. Rome set up a constitution consisting of a senate, consuls and tribunes. The Roman senate became the most powerful governing body. Rather than advising the head of state, it elected the chief executives, called consuls. Consuls were ordinary magistrates that had the authority to command a military force. ‘Tribune’ was a title given to various officers within the Roman army. 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Thursday, December 12, 2019

Auditing Opinions and Assurance

Questions: Indicate the type of opinion that should be expressed in each of the following situations,providing reasons for your choice-1.The auditor was unable to obtain confirmations from three of the clients major customers that were included in the sample .The auditor was able to satisfy himself about the balances of these accounts using other audit procedures? 2.The client restricted the auditor from observing the property ,plant and equipment .The property, plant and equipment is a material part of the assets making up 20% of total assets?3.Management have excluded from the financial report the necessary disclosures in relation to a contingent liability .If this becomes an actual liability it will have a material effect on the financial report?4.A significant proportion of a retailers sales are on a cash basis and inadequate records have been maintained. There are no audit tests that can be done to assure yourself that cash sales are accurate? 5.You have been asked to do the audit for a new client this financial year .While you are satisfied that there appears to be no material misstatements for the information during the current financial year the client will not provide any information about the opening balances of accounts at the start of the financial year?6.You have just started auditing the financial statements of a client which has not been following the Australian Accounting Standards since it began operating five years ago?7.A client has been using the LIFO method of accounting for inventory which is disallowed under the Australian Accounting Standards.This has had a material effect on the financial statements however its effect is currently limited to the effect on the Inventory value?8.The auditor of Numark has just completed the audit and is satisfied that there are no material misstatements however the clients continuation as a going concern is in extreme doubt as its major customer has gone into liquidation and it appears very unlikely that other customers will take its place due to the highly specialised nature of its products? Answers: Introduction Auditing is the process of checking and verifying books of accounts of the business organisation. Audit is conducted by qualified auditors only and after checking and verifying financial statements, auditors are required to express its opinion. Audit opinion is the verdict of auditors on the financial statements and state of business operations of business organisation. There are four types of audit opinions i.e. qualified opinion, unqualified opinion, adverse opinion and disclaimer (Types of audit opinions, 2011). Following are different independent case of audit opinion: 1. In this case, auditor is not able to obtain confirmation from some customers regarding account balance but on the other hand, auditor has performed another procedure to satisfy himself about correctness of account balances. In this case, since auditor is satisfied therefore auditor can express unqualified opinion (Cipriano et al., 2016). As all reservations related to balances is cleared from other audit procedures therefore unqualified audit opinion will be expressed by auditors. Under unqualified audit opinion, financial statements and books of accounts are clear from any defect. 2. In the given case, auditor is restricted by the management or client in performing its duties or undertaking audit process. Since property, plant and equipments are integral part of any financial statements therefore it shall be examined in detailed manner. In this case, auditor shall express disclaimer of opinion. Disclaimer of opinion is the type of auditor opinion under which auditor is not able to audit financial statements of business entity. Since in this case, auditor is restrained from observing or auditing the property, plant and equipments of the business entity. Therefore auditor is not able to comment on amount of property, plant and equipments and should issue disclaimer of opinion (Davis, 2004). 3. In this case, since management or account of the business organisation is not able to disclose contingent liabilities which can become actual liabilities in future. In this case, auditor shall express qualified opinion. Unqualified opinion is the audit opinion under which, financial statements or financial records of the business organisation is not maintained according to accounting standards. Accounting standards are those standards which accountant of business organisation has to follow while preparing and presenting financial statements. Under qualified audit opinion, there is no misrepresentation in financial statements of books of accounts are identified by auditor (Li et al., 2012). But there are issue or issues in presentation of financial statements or preparation of books of accounts. 4. In this case, since business organisation is not able to perform audit test to satisfy him to her (auditor) regarding correctness and accurateness of cash sales during the year. Since cash sales to the retailer is the significant portion of the cash sales. In this case, auditor shall express disclaimer opinion on the preparation and presentation of financial statements. In this case, disclaimer audit opinion will be given by auditor because; in this case there is no misrepresentation in the financial statements (Gaganis et al., 2013). But sales figures are not able to be checked or verified by the auditor since there are no adequate supporting records. In this case, additional paragraph is required in audit report that will highlight the reason of disclaimer opinion of auditor. 5. In this case, since new business organisation is required to be audited by the auditor. Therefore there shall be initial engagement between auditor and client (business organisation). In initial engagement, auditors are required to check and verify correctness of opening balances of the current period. Then only audit procedure shall be initiated. In this case, management are not able to provide any evidence and auditor is not able to examine the correctness of opening balance. Therefore auditor shall express disclaimer audit opinion related to opening balances of the financial statements of client. In this case, there is no possible way to examine opening balance therefore auditor shall not comment on the same. 6. In this case, client has not been following Australian Accounting Standards from the beginning of its business operations. Since in this case business organization has not followed Australian Accounting Standards therefore auditor shall issue adverse audit opinion or disclaimer opinion if auditor is not able to verify financial statements. Under adverse auditor opinion, auditors feel that business organization is not able to follow accounting standards while preparing financial statements. In addition to that adverse auditor opinion is expressed when financial statements reflect misrepresentation (Lopez et al., 2009). Therefore in this case, business organization or client has not followed Australian accounting standards therefore in this case auditor shall express adverse audit opinion. 7. In this case, since business organisation or client has been following Last in Last out inventory management method which is disallowed under Australian accounting standard. In this case, business organisation or client has violated Australian accounting standards and this has brought in the notice of auditor. In this case, auditor shall express adverse audit opinion. Under adverse audit opinion, business organisation has not followed Australian accounting standards and is misrepresented to stakeholders. Same is the case with the current client or business organisation, then had not followed Australian accounting standard under accounting for inventory. Only FIFO and weighted average method of accounting is allowed (Sarath, 2016). Therefore adverse audit opinion shall be expressed by auditor. 8. In this case, since financial statements reflects no adverse situation and there is no material misstatement in the financial statements of the business organisation i.e. Numark. In other words, financial statements of Numark deserve unqualified audit report. But on the other hand, auditor came across situation under which major customer of Numark had gone into liquidation and this will impact business operations or business situation of Numark. Therefore auditor need to reconsider the case, since this liquidation of clients major customer will impact going concern therefore auditor cannot issue unqualified audit report to business organisation or client. In this case, auditor shall issue disclaimer audit report (Mao et al., 2015). Since auditor is not able to analyse how and up to what extend liquidation of major customer of Numark will impact its business in real terms. Therefore auditor shall issue disclaimer audit opinion. References Cipriano, M., Hamilton, E.L. Vandervelde, S.D. 2016, "Has the lack of use of the qualified audit opinion turned it into the Rotten Kid threat?", Critical Perspectives on Accounting, . Davis, R.R. 2004, "Using Disclaimers in Audit Reports",The CPA Journal,vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 26. Gaganis, C., Pasiouras, F. Spathis, C. 2013, "Regulations and Audit Opinions: Evidence from EU Banking Institutions", Computational Economics, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 387-405. Li, L., Tian, G. Qi, B. 2012, "Auditors' unqualified opinions on internal controls and accrual quality", Nankai Business Review International, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 332-353. Lopez, T.J., Vandervelde, S.D. Wu, Y. 2009, "Investor perceptions of an auditor's adverse internal control opinion",Journal of Accounting and Public Policy,vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 231-250. Mao, M.Q. Yu, Y. 2015, "Analysts' Cash Flow Forecasts, Audit Effort, and Audit Opinions on Internal Control",Journal of Business Finance Accounting,vol. 42, no. 5-6, pp. 635-664. Sarath, B. 2016, "Audit quality within adverse selection markets",Asian Review of Accounting,vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 2-18. Types of audit opinions 2011, , Singapore Press Holdings Limited, Singapore.

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Business Assessment Coca-Cola

Question: Comparative Analysis of the companys competitive position in its various markets. 3) What considerations should your company look at when trying to create Social Impact? Answer: Introduction In the year 1886, in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, Coca-Cola was first created by John S. Pemberton and was served at Jacobs pharmacy. The name Coca-Cola was given by the company accountant Frank Robinson who thought the presence of the tow Cs would look good in advertising. When the company was first founded, the average drinks served per day was nine adding up to total sales of fifty dollars that year. Today, the company has grown to serving anywhere near 1.8 billion drinks per day. The Coca-Cola Company, now headquartered in Atlanta is an American multinational company which is the number one maker of soft drinks in the world with around 3500+ products, 128 years of history and billions of drinks being served every day. In the year 1919, the company was bought by Ernest Woodruff and a group of investors for twenty five million dollars and the vision of Coca-cola as an international commodity were initiated by Mr. Woodruff which is being followed till date by the company and its vario us subsidiaries (coca-colacompany.com, 2015). The company comprises of around four hundred different brands and includes some of the famous brand names under which their offerings are distributed including Coca-Cola, Sprite, Fanta, Diet Coke, Coca-Cola Zero, Aquarius, Minute Maid, Dasani, and Bacardi and so on (coca-colacompany.com, 2015). The primary offerings of the company are in the form of still and sparkling beverages. The former includes non-alcoholic beverages that are non-carbonated including drinking water, enhanced waters, energy drinks, juices, teas, coffees and sports drinks. The latter comprises non-alcoholic carbonated beverages. The companys products are designed to appeal to a variety of consumer bases with Coca-cola Zero being sweetened with a blend of low calorie sweeteners and Diet coke with aspartame, a thoroughly tested and safety approved sweetener to decrease the calorie content of the beverage making them a useful tool for weight management. In addition, the company offers innovative marketing campaigns and advertising projects and its association with celebrations and happiness sub-consciously seem to affect peoples choices making it a success over its rivals. The main aim of this essay is to research and analyze the business prospects and competitive position of The Coca-cola Company based on a comparative analysis with its main rival Pepsi Co using the competitive advantage theory and its social impact in terms of corporate social responsibility and sustainability initiatives. The Coca-Cola Company has been chosen for this study mainly because of its global presence and popularity with the masses. According to a former chairman of the company, the company derived its main strength from being global (Vrontis and Sharp, 2003). Even though it was based in America, most of the company profit came from elsewhere in the world. The multinational company is one of the pioneers when it comes to soda drinks and carbonated drinks served and consumed around the world by people of all age groups. The company has the highest market share in the industry and serves as one of the most favorite brands due to the innovation they bring into every product a nd hence, it would be interesting to study how the company evolved over a period of time, their strategic positioning, sustainability and their plans for the future considering the highly competitive industry situation. Comparative Analysis Coca-Cola and Pepsi are the most popular and most successful products in the entire history of soft drinks business. The companys have a huge market share and are worth billions. PepsiCo was bought out of bankruptcy at just twelve thousand dollars earlier in its lifecycle and now it has emerged as the only sustained rival of The Coca-Cola Company (Tedlow, 2002). Michael Porters five forces is one of the de facto framework used for industry analysis. The Coca-Cola Companys competitive position in the industry compared to its rival Pepsi can be determined based on one such analysis of the five forces which include: Competitive rivalry, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of buyers. Competitive Advantage Theory - Porters Five Forces Competitive Rivalry The soft drink industry is almost completely monopolized by PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company which these two companies holding up to seventy percent of the entire market share. Since the year 2004 until the present date, Coca-Cola has held the highest with 40 - 50%, PepsiCo around 25% and Dr. Pepper holding the third place followed by others (Statista, 2015) though these companies have continually failed to reach the success that Coca-Cola and Pepsi has witnessed. While the taste distinction between the two drinks is very subtle and is not easily recognized when consumed unlabeled, the coca-cola has always dominated the industry. The initial success of Pepsi over Coke was in the form of their pricing strategy. In the 1930s when Coca-Cola had entirely monopolized the soft drinks market in the U.S, Pepsi, a company that had just erupted from its bankruptcy, formulated an entry strategy based on price. It was then that the popular Cola war began. While Coca-Cola was aimed at mass market, the depression during the period gave way to the emergency of Pepsi which was similar in taste but was offered at dramatically lower prices. This in combination with the companys solid distribution chain led to the success of Pepsi. But after World War II this had to end and Pepsi had no choice but to increase prices. The company that had solely depended on the price umbrella till then had to change strategy. Product and market differentiation took over the key place since then. After Donald Kendall took over, Pepsis prospects began to change drastically and it became the brand that was near equal to Coca-Cola and the change that coke was slow to recognize as it viewed its product as beyond competition (Tedlow, 2002). The two main companies then began to advertise mainly on their product differentiation, advertising strategies rather than pricing. Coca-Colas worldwide advertising budget per year is almost near a quarter of a million dollars while PepsiCo comes somewhere near. The advertising of Coca-Cola depends heavily on the themes of celebrations, happiness and togetherness and has been recognized globally while Pepsis advertising has been limited comparatively and depends on celebrity endorsements, hit music and appealing to the younger generation. In fact, PepsiCo has also been claimed to be the first ever company to use a celebrity endorsement for their product when they used Barney Oldfield, an auto racing pioneer for advertising their drink. Jennifer Lopez, Britney Spears and David Beckham are some of the popular stars that have endorsed Pepsi (Bush, Martin and Bush, 2004). But PepsiCo has one advantage over the Coca-Cola Company in terms of product diversification. While Coca-Cola heavily relies on its soft drinks and offers most of its products in the category, PepsiCo has a diverse range of products including healthy food. For example, PepsiCo acquired Quaker Oats to enter the healthy food sector in 2005 and Gatorade to increase its energy drink market (Andersson, Arvidsson and Lindstrom, 2006). Consequently, in the year 2006, the sales revenue of Coca-cola fell slightly behind PepsiCo for the same reason and by the end of the year 2010, the gross profit of PepsiCo was higher than Coke. Also, the research and development investment of PepsiCo is larger. Given these circumstances, the competition from PepsiCo will always be a major threat to Coca-Cola. Threat of New entrants Threat of New entrants in this industry is very low, the main reason being the presence of strongly established brand names of Coca-Cola and Pepsi. Entry requires high capital costs for production facilities, warehouses, transport and labor. The building of a new efficient plant cost around seventy five million dollars back in the 90s. The strong marketing and advertising of the duopolies of Coke and Pepsi has resulted in higher brand loyalty and equity with a strong consumer base in the over 200 countries they have presence. Also, as discussed earlier, billions of dollars worth of money goes into the advertising of products of these companies every year which is quite a sum for a new entrant to match with and increase visibility of their products. For a newcomer to counterpart this level of presence is almost unfeasible. Also, any new comer would definitely face the toughest level of competition from the established two companies in terms of innovative product lines and price wars m aking survival difficult for the new companies. In addition, Coca-Cola and Pepsi have their own bottlers in designated geographic areas that are committed to the companies and the company arrangements are such that these bottlers do not take up new entrants. Alternatively, the new brands can build their own bottling plants which also require a considerable amount of capital investment and lowers the feasibility. Also, both the companies follow backward integration process which makes it very difficult for new market entrants to find bottlers for their products. PepsiCo and Coca-Cola offer their retailers a margin of 20-30% for the shelf-space offered which is a high margin which the new entrants would find difficult to compete with. Moreover, it would also be difficult to convince retailers to substitute coke of Pepsi with their products considering the strong customer base and brand loyalty. Its virtually impossible for a new product to match a scale of popularity as that of Pepsi and Coke. Threat of Substitutes Threat of substitute products is very high in this industry with a range of products starting with water, tea, coffee, to fresh juices being presented to consumers by different companies (Marc, 2014). Also, Coke and Pepsi are increasingly adjudged junk food and are marked as being very high in calorie content. With increase in health awareness among buyers, energy drinks, sports drinks and bottled waters are a threat to the carbonated drinks. To overcome this problem the companies came up with the diet versions of the drink. They also have entered the market for afore mentioned products. The suppliers of substitutes again are put in a situation where they have to compete with these giants for industry presence. Also, given the size of the organization and the large and established distribution channels, it enables the companies to get in contracts with Universities, Stadiums and organizers wherein they become the key supplier and only supplier for a particular length of time. Also, the products and their perceived value are very low in this industry. All the products and substitutes are priced at almost similar prices and the advertising and marketing activities for the products make the difference. Hence the switching costs are very low and consumer shifting towards substitute products is very high. In a blind test conducted for a study, participants could not even tell the difference between Pepsi and Coke (Deichert et al, 2006). Bargaining Power of Suppliers The bargaining power of suppliers in this industry is very low. The ingredients that go into the making of soft drinks are very simple which include water, colorants, flavors, caffeine, sugar and sweeteners. The bottles are supplied by separate bottlers. 36% of the largest coke bottler company, the Coco-coal enterprises is also owned by The Coca-Cola Company itself. With that percentage of ownership, the supplier bargaining power cannot be very large. These materials are easily available and at very low cost and with the presence numerous suppliers, the bargaining power of suppliers of these commodities in the industry relatively weak (Jannoun, 2011). Also, the basic merchandise due to its low cost makes the switching cost low too giving manufacturers the option to easily switch suppliers as per the convenience. Coca-Cola and Pepsi is possibly the largest customer these suppliers could ever possess. Bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers in any industry is always high. Since soft drink industry is also consumer based which have commodities directed at the buyers, the profitability of the business naturally depends upon the buyer. In todays market consumer preferences are more deviated towards differentiated products. Soft drinks have been around in the world since the eighteenth century and to keep them going innovation plays a key role. New formulations, bottle designs, packaging and appearance with new colors, flavor of formula are designed to make complete brand awareness in consumers minds as a means of providing competitive advantage. The different ways in which the commodities are made available for consumers include convenience stores, soda fountain, vending machines, restaurants, canteens and other categories in different quantity packaging where the sales depends on the buying power of the consumers to pay the said price. Large retailers like Wal-Mart, Costco and others may have increased bargaining power because of the large quantities in which the purchase is made but it is also zeroed by the brand loyalty of the end consumers. But due to the bulk quantity of products, these retailers can buy products at a lower price than most. But restaurants do not have that liberty as the quantities ordered by them arent as much. But with increasing consumer demand this scenario may witness a change in the future. Social Impact of Coca-Cola Coca-Cola builds and nurtures strong brands and identifies the importance of doing the right thing by the society through their sustainability programs. Their measures are intended at reducing the impact the company has on the environment and health and well-being of consumers. The main areas of concentration include conservation of water (water efficiency and quality), water being the primary raw material that goes in to the making of the products, energy efficiency and preservation of soil pollution. They follow the corporate social responsibility law to secure our future. But there have many issues relating to excessive water usage, effects on peoples health (the main problem being obesity) and several human rights violation issues that have been reported constantly on the company. Coca-Cola Corporate Social Responsibility The company has a clearly defined plan for sustainability with priorities on delivering for today without affecting the future and to lead the industry. According to the company, the CSR responsibilities are at the core of whatever they do and they believe in bringing about a change climatic change and eco-friendly packaging and use of recycled products. Energy and climate change The gas emissions from manmade activities pose serious threats to the longevity of the planet and coca-cola strives to build a business that has low carbon emissions. The company has made commitment to reduce the carbon footprint of its beverage by one third in the year 2020 compared to the level in 2007. Average reduction of carbon footprint is aimed to be achieved through every stage of the production process. Beginning with purchase of sustainable ingredients to the packing to the bottling to transportation to disposal a comprehensive approach to reducing environmental impact every step of the way has been proposed (Cokecce.com, 2015). Reducing emissions from manufacturing is the first step. This is proposed to be achieved by focusing primarily on energy efficiency in their manufacturing plants by closely monitoring and efficiently managing the energy consumed. Continual investment in innovation, RD and state of the art production lines, piloting of energy management standard 50001 in few facilities, and aim at sourcing their energy from renewable sources as much as possible. Reducing emission from trucks used for transporting and cold drink equipments is the next step. Production and distribution of products locally to reduce transportation costs and emissions is being followed in addition to efficient maintenance of the vending machines and coolers. Backhauling with suppliers and customers is another initiative aimed at reducing emissions (cokecce.com, 2015). Sustainable Packaging and Recycling In safeguarding the contents of a product and for safe damage-free transportation, packaging of a material plays a key role. But materials used for packaging could be high in carbon footprint and often non-biodegradable items end up polluting the land. The company CSR values are committed towards ensuring the use of sustainable packaging and easy recycling in order to achieve a point where there are no wastes in their operation. Right from design, material used, weight, recovery, disposal and recycling the prime objective is to reduce carbon footprint and optimize usage. According to the company, 99.5% of their produced waste is recycled. In an aim to achieve circular economy, the recycling of materials is given priority (cokecce.com, 2015). Thirty two percent of items used for packaging comes from recycled sources according to the company at present (cokecce.com). Use of virgin PET in packaging materials is being reduced and replaced by use of renewable material such as PlantBottle which is a plastic material comprising twenty five percent recycled PET and 22.5% plant material. In two of the largest markets for the company in France and Great Britain, the company has spent millions to set up pipelines for recycling PET. Also, through various non-government organizations and several awareness campaigns, the company is hoping to push more and more of their consumers towards recycling. For instance, the recycle for our future campaign encourages at-home recycling by studying the recycling habits of consumers and launching an online recycling program. Another aim is to have zero percent landfill and to achieve this; the company is constantly investing in recovery infrastructure. The company data prove that 99.5% of waste was recycled in the year 2013 and zero landfill rates was achieved at fourteen of the company plants. Constant redesigning of packaging to decrease the weight and yet not compromise on the quality is done through a process called lightweighting. Through this process, a 3g reduction in weight was achieved for their 500 ml PET packaging in the year 2013 compared to the previous year and their lightest aluminum can weighs just 10g. Conserving Water Water is essential for everyday functioning of human body and one of the most precious resources of the world. In production of Coca-cola beverages, it also serves as the primary ingredient and is central to all the raw material used by the company in one form or the other. Raising concerns regarding climatic changes leading to low rainfall, the depleting ground water resources and ensuing water scarcity is a major concern for the environment and consequently the company too (Biswas and Bozer, 2015). Through their water stewardship policy, the company aims to set standards to ensure water efficiency by utilizing only that much required for manufacturing and as little as possible for every liter of beverage that is produced (cokecce.com, 2015). The water conservation policy is based on four primary principles that include: conservation of water resources for operations and society, ensuring absolute water efficiency but reducing the water usage quantity, water recycling, treatment and in order to support aquatic life it is returned to the environment and water resource replenishing in low water quality areas before use in the making of beverages. Areas of water stress are identified using mapping and the watersheds in those areas are replenished. From the use of three liters to make a liter of beverage, by 2013 the company had reduced the usage to 1.35 liters per liter of beverage produced. The company aims to reduce the amount even further by the year 2020 (cokecce.com, 2015). Promoting Healthy Living Obesity is a growing epidemic in the world and a constant challenge to health. In order to prevent the disorder and to lead a life of health and happiness, the least that is required of people is to live an active life. The company indulges in a range of activities and campaign to promote healthy living including sports activities providing the opportunity for the community to involve themselves in physical activities more often. Through continued association with various organizations, both national and local, the company runs physical activity programs for people to participate in. the brand name and their influence is utilized by the company in their advertising campaigns where they promote physical activity. For instance, the most recent campaign of the company was the Happiness is movement campaign associated with the 2014 FIFA world cup. Others include the Sweden swimming federation, Norway city ride, and the street games of Great Britain and so on (Cokecce.com, 2015). The Spec ial Olympics National Summer Games that was held in Great Britain in the year 2013 was proudly supported by the company. Also, according to the company the artificial sweeteners employed in the making of low calorie versions of the beverage including diet coke and coca-cola life are harmless and are clinically tested to be safe. In addition, high fructose corn syrup used in the sparkling beverages or any food tem isnt responsible for weight increase in consumers. The ingredients used are approved by the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) as safe to be used in the preparation of beverages. Therefore, in an aim to promote healthy living the company has its core the three principles: Think, Drink and Move (coca-colacompany.com, 2015). Workers and Workplace In their belief, it is the employees that make or break a company. Employees hold the primary key to the companys success and sustainability. The company hopes to recruit the best talent from each community and gift them with a rewarding career while promoting independent thinking and provide them with a safe and healthy workplace to keep them winning. Their workplace diversity program has its main focus on fostering a culture that is diverse and inclusive, ensuring class of the art safety standards in their operations and ensuring worker safety in the plants, and to develop a program wherein the employees are encouraged to lead an active and healthy living (Cokecce.com, 2015). The Health risk assessment program of the company analyses the current health state of the employees and provides them with access to fitness programs and centers across the geographical area of the positioning. Seventy six percentages of the companys employees are part of an individual development plan for th emselves. The global corporate challenge that the company initiated encouraged people to pursue activities like walking, cycling and swimming. Thousands of people participated in the initiative and walked at an average of 13000 steps per day per person which is a good physical activity. The company is aimed at protecting human rights and values the rights of the workers immensely. Ten components of the human rights policy include valuing diversity, stakeholder and community engagement, ensuring human rights, freedom of association, workplace security, child labor laws, forced labor laws, work hours and normal wage and benefits, proper guidance and protection for reporting of employees and ensuring safe and healthy workplace. It is the responsibility of every employee in maintaining the harmony of the workplace and ensuring it is free from discrimination or harassment of any kind. In addition to all these, the company has a sustainability program that is not isolated just for preserving water. It is the food water energy nexus that is the concern of the future of the planet. The three are interrelated and interdependent; the prospect that must not be ignored if a complete sustainability has to be achieved (Koch, 2015). The company aims to not restrict their water stewardship program to the four walls of their organization but increasingly delve into agricultural activities and other activities and create awareness about use of water efficiently (coca-colacompany.com, 2015). Their program is intended at extending to water sources available domestically and making water, sanitation and hygiene a universal availability. The sustainable development goals of the company are to be agreed upon in the month of September later this year increasingly concentrating on the food-water-energy nexus. Devastating Impact on Water Resources The most recognizable brand while claiming to adhere to strict ethical standards and social responsibility has been in the news constantly for drinking the world dry. The coca-cola company, in its quest for water resources required for its plants has been reported to dehydrate the society by drying up farmers wells and thus impacting the local agricultural activities. The company has been accused of maintaining its clean sheet only through the multi-million dollar advertising capacity and strong brand image while seriously violating workers rights in countries such as Colombia, Russia, Guatemala and Russia. According to the company sources itself, they admit that without water it was impossible to run their business and that the entire company depended upon uninterrupted access to tons and tons of water. One liter of coca-cola requires the availability of three liters of water and the operations of the company has been accused of exacerbating water shortages in areas that are already suffering from decreasing rainfall and subsequent water shortages. In addition, the water extracted by the company is drawn towards the surface through various strata of rocks and during the course are contaminated heavily with foreign particles which according to analyses is very harmful to human beings. This makes the water unfit for production which is ignored by coke. Apart from production uses, the industry also requires huge quantities of water for cleaning and other purposes. This is particularly true in case of the Indian subcontinent where the company is vastly opposed by different community campai gns around various states. For instance, in the year 1999, the company set up a plant operation in Kaladera village in Rajasthan which is well known as the desert state of India. According to the villagers and farmers, this activity exacerbated an already precarious water situation. The entire area depended upon the scarce groundwater supply and setting up of the plant caused a severe decline in water level as the following years saw a ten meter decline in water level which was drastic. The accusations were met by the company by pointing out the various rain water harvest facilities established by them but again there were problems concerning the maintenance. In an another infamous case, the companys renewal of license was declined and protested by the village council of Plachimada in the southern state of Kerala, India in the year 2004 citing overuse and contamination of water resources in the area. Elsewhere, in El Salvador the exploiting of groundwater resources by the company has been an ongoing activity f or around twenty five years. Land and Soil Contamination Again, this problem has been most prominent in India where the communities living in and around the company plants and bottling enterprises experience devastating water shortages and environmental impact. The sludge-like waste by-product produced by the company were found to contain toxic levels of dangerous chemicals including lead and cadmium and this waste was provided by the company as fertilizer to the farmers. While coca-cola maintains that the product is harmless, farmers have been increasingly protesting against those waste being dumped in their agricultural fields. Contamination of the Product itself Accusations on Coca-Cola containing dangerous levels of pesticides have been around forever. In 2003, the CSE (Center for Science and Environment) tested the beverages produced by the company and found them to contain pesticide concentration thirty times larger than the allowed concentration by European Standards (Killercoke.org, 2013). In Indian agriculture, DDT, a pesticide is banned was also found in the drink. Accusations on pollution, water depletion, soil contamination and a subsequent result in decrease in fertility of their agricultural lands was made my Indian Ministers and farmers and Coca-Cola was even banned from cafeterias for a while. In addition, the purified tap water drink Dasani, during its launch, was found to contain bromates which are cancer causing agents and immediate recall ensued. Workers Right Violations Anti-union activities of Coca-cola were also increasingly documented. In an infamous case in Colombia, trade union leaders were reportedly tortured and murdered by paramilitaries who had links with the government. SINALTRAINAL, a main trade union of the company filed a complaint in USA in the year 2001 against the company and the bottling agency. The unions maintained that in addition to the murders in Colombia, many others were into hiding and have received death threats. Also, in Turkey, the company was sued on behalf of several truck drivers, trade unionists and their families for alleged workers rights violation. While Coca-cola maintains that the workers protests were illegal. The company has also been accused of dismissing workers who participated in strikes. In Guatemala there has been an ongoing struggle by workers against the company. Impact on Health As health concerns of people spur, the consumption of coke has decreased according to the company authorities. According to Wal-Mart, one of the largest retailers of the commodity the movement of coke has decreased than what it was a decade ago. With the all other healthy choices available drinking coke has decreased giving way to lots of water, juices and energy drinks. While the exact reasons for the epidemic of obesity in the U.S hasnt been known yet, people constantly associate it with soda and beverages like coke. Weight loss stories of people who quit drinking coke have inspired many. This reality was ignored by coke for a long while but they have to accept it now. Cultural shifts of a community dont happen all of a sudden. Coca-Cola took the symptoms lightly and now has witnessed a diet change that doesnt include guzzling of coke like water. The New England Journal of Medicine first reported a possible case of spermicidal effects of coke in the year 1985 which was proved two years later by researchers in China but did not have any effect. In 2010, according to a Danish study it was reported that a thirty percent decrease in sperm count could be noticed in men who drank more than thirty two ounces of coke daily. This was also reported as result of healthy food intake by cola drinkers while non coke drinkers ate more nutritious fruits and vegetables. Sixty four milligrams of caffeine is present in a twelve ounce bottle of coke. While caffeine is an ingredient people rely on to keep them active, the prolonged intake of caffeine can be harmful to health as it boosts heart rate and constricts blood flow in arteries and veins. The sugar intake done by consuming coke also has harmful effects on the body. The high sugar and calorie content are said to be responsible for obesity problems and diabetes. The artificial sweetener aspartame that is used in diet coke to reduce sugar intake have been proven to have neurological side effects. The phosphoric acid concentration in the beverages have been said to cause osteoporosis by destroying the bones and teeth. Coke products are also known to contain cancer causing agents. Currently, there are also law suits against the company for marketing their vitamin water as healthy while it was anything but. For reasons unknown, diet coke has also been associated with risk of stroke. Conclusion and Recommendation In conclusion, it is clear that the profitability and effectiveness of the company is well supported by the strong brand image, competitive position and market share. The companys strategy and tactics complement each other help the company stay ahead of competition with its prime rival PepsiCo. A comparative study based on the Porters five forces model reveals that the companys position is secured for the near future with absolutely no threat of new entrants or bargaining power of suppliers and buyers. The only concern of the company is the competition from PepsiCo which is a serious threat that the company needs to constantly look forward to. It has been going on for a century and is more likely to keep going and this requires coca-cola to be constantly ahead of its game. It was noted that the product diversification of PepsiCo is better than that of Coca-Cola which has its business solely concentrated on the beverages sector. Coca-cola needs to think more about diversifying too and project a unique brand image in all aspects of the business. In studying the social impact of the company, the company has a very clearly defined sustainability policy in place and has been thriving constantly to reduce their impact on environment, energy and climate and use of water resources. But at the same time, the company has also been in the central point of several controversies and accusations relating to using up of water resources, concentration of toxic chemicals and carcinogens in their product, contaminating the land and soil and for constantly violating workers rights. The company needs to be more vocal about its sustainability plans and demonstrate them to the authorities concerned. Another serious concern is the increasing health interest among people who think soda to be harmful to their health and are switching to healthier options like green tea, fresh fruit juices and drinking lots of water. The declining sales in the soft drinks sector is one key challenge the company needs to attend to. The U.S market, which is one of the primary markets of Coca-cola, the sales has been decreasing constantly over the years. People are on the look-out for healthier options that is low in calorie and also promote their health. In order to overcome this issue, the company needs to concentrate more on the healthy substitute options which are in vogue today more than the carbonated drinks which are viewed by majority as life threatening. The company can hence concentrate more on health and wellness. References Albanese, F. (2001). Merchandising and Licensing to Improve Brand Equity. The Coca-Cola Case. Emerging Issues in Management, (1). Andersson, E., Arvidsson, E. and Lindstrom, C. (2006). Coca-Cola or Pepsi; that is the Question - A study about different factors affecting consumer preferences. School of Management and Economics. Vxj University, International Marketing Strategy. com, (2007). Energy drinks boost US beverage market. [online] Available at: https://www.beveragedaily.com/Markets/Energy-drinks-boost-US-beverage-market [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Biswas, A. and Bozer, A. (2015). Water: Future, Prospects and Challenges. [online] coca-colacompany.com. Available at: https://www.coca-colacompany.com/opinions/water-future-prospects-and-challenges [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Brand Keys, Inc., (2010). Brand Keys Customer Loyalty Leaders 2010. [online] Available at: https://www.brandkeys.com/awards/leaders.cfm [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Bush, A., Martin, C. and Bush, V. (2004). Sports Celebrity Influence of the Behavioral Intentions of Generation Y. Journal of Advertising Research, 44, pp.108-118. co.uk, (2015). The importance of social responsibility - Coca-Cola Great Britain | Coca-Cola Great Britain case studies and information | Business Case Studies. [online] Available at: https://businesscasestudies.co.uk/coca-cola-great-britain/the-importance-of-social-responsibility/#axzz3ZH3mumpX [Accessed 5 May 2015]. coca-colacompany.com, (2014). Sustainability Report. [online] Available at: https://assets.coca-colacompany.com/0a/b5/ece07f0142ce9ccc4504e28f1805/2013-2014-coca-cola-sustainability-report-pdf.pdf [Accessed 5 May 2015]. com, (2015). Coca-Cola Enterprises: Active Healthy Living. [online] Available at: https://www.cokecce.com/corporate-responsibility-sustainability/active-healthy-living [Accessed 5 May 2015]. com, (2015). Coca-Cola Enterprises: Sustainable Packaging and Recycling. [online] Available at: https://www.cokecce.com/corporate-responsibility-sustainability/sustainable-packaging-and-recycling [Accessed 5 May 2015]. com, (2015). Coca-Cola Enterprises: Water Stewardship. [online] Available at: https://www.cokecce.com/corporate-responsibility-sustainability/water-stewardship [Accessed 5 May 2015]. com, (2015). Coca-Cola Enterprises: Energy and Climate Change. [online] Available at: https://www.cokecce.com/corporate-responsibility-sustainability/energy-and-climate-change [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Cooper, T. (2014). How Coca-Cola Is Spending $2.5 Billion to Solve Its Problems (KO). [online] Fool.com. Available at: https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/11/03/how-coca-cola-is-spending-25-billion-to-solve-its.aspx [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Deichert, M., Ellenbecker, M., Klehr, E., Pesarchick, L. and Ziegler, K. (2006). Industry Analysis: Soft Drinks. Strategic Management in a Global Context. Hartung, A. (2014). Coca-Cola's Problems Reflect a Giant Losing Relevance. [online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/adamhartung/2014/10/28/coca-colas-problems-show-us-a-giant-losing-relevance/ [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Jannoun, R. (2011). Coca-Cola Porter's Five Forces Analysis and Diverse Value-chain Activities in Different Areas. org, (2013). Campaign to Stop Killer Coke | Health Issues. [online] Available at: https://killercoke.org/health_issues.php [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Koch, G. (2015). Our Sustainability Challenge of the Future: Food-Water-Energy Nexus. [online] The Coca-Cola Company. Available at: https://www.coca-colacompany.com/water-stewardship-replenish-report/our-sustainability-challenge-of-the-future-food-water-energy-nexus [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Longwell, G. (1994). Managing brand equity: Capitalizing on the value of a brand name. Journal of Business Research, 29(3), pp.247-248. Marc, (2014). Strategy Frameworks - Threat of Substitutes | Porters Five Forces Model. [online] Entrepreneurial-insights.com. Available at: https://www.entrepreneurial-insights.com/threat-of-substitutes-porters-five-forces-model/ [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Miller, D. (n.d.). Coca-Cola: A Black sweet drink from Trinidad. Paventi, J. (2015). Bad Effects of Coca-Cola | LIVESTRONG.COM. [online] LIVESTRONG.COM. Available at: https://www.livestrong.com/article/131088-bad-effects-cocacola/ [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Renton, A. (2013). Coca-Cola's sugar problem. [online] the Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/wordofmouth/2013/jan/18/coca-cola-sugar-problem [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Statista, (2015). Market share of leading soft drink companies in the U.S., 2014 | Statistic. [online] Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/225464/market-share-of-leading-soft-drink-companies-in-the-us-since-2004/ [Accessed 4 May 2015]. Suddath, C. and Stanford, D. (2014). Coke Confronts Its Big Fat Problem. [online] Businessweek.com. Available at: https://www.bloomberg.com/bw/articles/2014-07-31/coca-cola-sales-decline-health-concerns-spur-relaunch [Accessed 5 May 2015]. Tanne, J. (2013). Coca-Cola launches antiobesity advertisements. BMJ, 346(jan23 2), pp.f494-f494. Tedlow, (2002). New and Improved: The Story of Mass Marketing in America. [online] Businessweek.com. 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Thursday, November 28, 2019

Impact of the Religious Fundamentalism on Society

Some Christian, Jewish, and Muslim fundamentalists are using their views to control people in their community and worldwide and have similarities of being a cult. Fundamentalism, whether it is Christian, Jewish or Muslim, seems to be on the rise. Fundamentalists think they are defending the â€Å"true† faith, but are they? Why are these movements spreading and what is their nature? Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Impact of the Religious Fundamentalism on Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Christians, Jews, and Muslims are religions based on the Abrahamic doctrines and are characterized by opposition to those who fail to follow their beliefs and teachings. These are monotheist faiths since they worship a supreme deity referred by different names. They are ignorant of ‘others’ faiths and oppose their standpoint, therefore denying them mutual understanding and respect essential for pe ople to coexist harmoniously (Ruthven 4). These religions have an â€Å"us and them† syndrome where they observe themselves as victims, and therefore marginalize themselves from the main society where they have continued to thrive. In addition, religious fundamentalism forms the foundation of unrest since nineteen eighties, when Berlin Wall collapsed and marked the end of the Soviet Union, hence end of cold war hacking left its scars on Asia Latin America and Africa. Modern religious wars have led to great number of people being killed having religion as the grounds for inspiration and identity (Ruthven 5). Religion is therefore the opium of the masses as asserted by Karl Marx. Fundamentalism is a pejorative concept used in a sacred context, which can be defined as firm adherence to certain theological beliefs due to a literal understanding of the scriptures and opposes the popular beliefs (Bruce 9). Fundamentalism is a concept that can be traced in the early twentieth centur y and is used in today’s world to refer to religious beliefs supported by individuals who see a need to identify themselves with original ideologies, which is essential in retaining their social and religious distinctiveness. Fundamentalists could also be described as religious extremism or religious fanaticism, a notion similar to that of a cult. A cult is a pejorative term that describes a group of individuals, which has its own beliefs system and usually follows directives of particular leader who established it, and whom they worship. Some point out that a cult is manipulative and usually imprisons the minds of its followers through ritual practices where members devote themselves. Cults are usually characterized by having controlling charismatic heads who brainwashes and indoctrinates its followers by ensuring their dependency on the organization is achieved by instilling terror, disgrace and guilt, which enable the leaders to exploit the followers. The directives are us ually unquestioned and emphasizes that salvations is the way to survive apocalypse. They segregate themselves from the main society and usually punish those who abandon it (Willis 155).Advertising Looking for term paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Islam, Christians and Jews are main religions whose sectarian practices are similar to those of a cult, since they describe each one of themselves as the true religion. They restrict their followers from abandoning the beliefs and most importantly, they segregate defiant members who are bound to face the leader’s wrath when they do so. For instance, some religions like Islam advocates for apostasy where one faces a death penalty on defying Islamic teachings. In such a case, these unorthodox practices are disregarded by public opinion that refers to those who practice them as fundamentalists (Bruce 10). In addition, religious leaders in these religion s demand total loyalty and submission from their followers (Hedges 91). Some, such as televangelists utilize their religious position to financially exploit through deception to the followers to ass wealth for themselves (Hedges 174). As a result, there is dependence on the members where they are assured that their generous contributions will lead to abundance blessings, not only in this life but also in the one to come. Moreover, these leaders apply tactics to ensure that the followers cannot question, or have an independent way of thinking thus there is overreliance on the leader for direction (Hedges 26). Therefore, in such a case, the followers become united in a single brotherhood and a communal feeling is achieved in serving their one and only leader (Hedges 80). The communal feeling however triggers the religious leaders to develop ways to ensure that their control is maintained by instructing its members to stop intermingling with the other members of the society. This promo tes exclusion where followers refer to themselves as ‘us’ and the outsiders as ‘them’. The members acquire a sense of worthiness where they observe themselves as having an opportunity to have salvation, which is a precious gift they need to safeguard. This thinking is exploited by the religious leaders who assures the followers that indeed, they are unique, privileged and chosen to have a chance of exercising the will of God, hence they will be rewarded (Hedges 88). For instance, according to the article written be the Network for Church Monitoring, there has been a notion that Christian, Jewish Muslim fundamentalists unanimously hold that disastrous natural phenomenon’s are ways of God vengeance on the sins that have filled the world. Although the religions are different in their formations and teachings, they all agree that the catastrophic occurrences emanate from God.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Impact of the Reli gious Fundamentalism on Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the same note, the Shiite prayer and an American Christian, John Hagee concur that Iran earthquakes are as a result of women whose dressing is revealing, and are immoral. In a different occasion, an ultra-orthodox head, Ismail Haniyeh asserts that the natural fire annihilating Carmel Forest in Israel originates from God who is wrathful, a notion that is agreed upon by Chief Rabbi, Ovadia Yosef who blames the fire on laxity in observing the Sabbath in Israel. Muslims, represented by Haniyeh, the Palestinian Prime Minister elect points out that the fires â€Å"are plagues from God†¦Allah is punishing them [the Israelis] from a place they did not expect it† (Cohen pr. 10). These are mere, theological justifications whose relevance cannot be ascertained. Therefore, these religions identify themselves as saved or not. This creates â€Å"us and them† noti on, which is fueled by comradeship and disregards the â€Å"unsaved† people. As a result, Abrahamic faiths are characterized by violence where its members are recruited and incited to engage in violent acts, which is ideologically justified by their scriptural references. Their beliefs are intolerable by others who have opposing views, who regard these practices and self- deceiving dogma as absurd and inaccurate. Nonetheless, these religions publicly declare their standpoints in indoctrinating others, including innocent children who should grow open-mindedly without being cocooned in some absurd teachings. Muslims for instance regard others who do not believe as they do their enemies by dehumanizing and killing them. In comparison, Jewish fanatics are very strict in clarifying the rabbinic understanding of the Bible, which may be the cause of the violence that typifies their country Israel. This makes a liberal believer to view the said God as being mischievous and one who de lights in violence. To be incorporated in the religious groups therefore requires that its members conform to the practices and teachings directed by leaders and remain submissive to reap God’s blessings (Hedge 174). The member’s subjugation is exploited by religious leaders, which may impair personal relationships and families. Leaders could sexually abuse the followers as a way to demonstrate love, which God commands (Renard 157). This psychologically bonds the followers to their leader who now controls the members’ lives entirely.Advertising Looking for term paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In some instances, the members neglect their families, where those who are impoverished or emotionally weak prefer to be a part of the group and remain submissive in exchange for their needs being met. These followers cannot question the scriptures’ requirements (Merkur 172). In conclusion, fundamentalism incorporates various aspects such as power, ignorance and control. Fundamentalist’s teachings are destructive to the followers and the non-believers. A communal feel is necessary for the followers of Christian, Jewish and Islamic teachings, since there is a need to defend their practices as a large group to justify its existence and to ensure its continuity. Today, jihad propagandas spread by Islam fundamentalists are based on violence, which is justified by the Koran. Fundamentalism is a notion that contrasts scientific and technological advancements in today’s globalized world. Often, it leads to a clash of ideologies since technology and science has enabled man to resist such a naturalistic thought and instead, determine his fate other than relying of divinity in his interpretations. Therefore, religious fundamentalists should not only be flexible and open minded in interpreting scripture phenomenon and in leadership, but should avoid overreliance on the static historical scriptural writings, whose accuracy is questionable (Bruce 25). Works Cited Bruce, Steve. Fundamentalism. Cambridge: Polity Press. 2008. Print. Cohen, Marsha. Christian, Jewish and Muslim Fundamentalists Agree that Natural Disasters Are God’s Revenge on the Modern World. Network for Church Monitoring. 2010. Web. Hedges, Chris: American fascists: the Christian Right and the war on America. New York: Free Press, Simon and Schuster. 2006. Print. Merkur, Dan. â€Å"Psychology of Religion.† The Rutledge Companion to the Study of Religion. Ed. John R. Hinnells. New York: Routledge. 2005.Print. Michigan: Visible Ink Press. 2004. Print. Renard, John. The Handy R eligion Answer Book. Michigan: Visible Ink Press. 2002. Print. Ruthven, Malise. Fundamentalism: the search for meaning. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005. Print. Willis, Jim. â€Å"Cult.† The Religion Book: Places, Prophets, Saint, and Seers. Michigan: Visible Ink Press, 2004. Print. This term paper on Impact of the Religious Fundamentalism on Society was written and submitted by user Plo Koon to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Sicily and the German Empire essays

Sicily and the German Empire essays Roger de Hauteville (1061-1091) i) Powerful Norman Lords sought control of Sicily. Pope Leo IX sent an army to prevent them form gaining power, but the attempt failed. In 1059 Pope Nicholas made the best of a bad situation by crowning Roger de Hauteville ruler of Sicily in exchange for nominal vows of allegiance. By 1071 Roger defeated the occupying Muslims and Greeks and took complete control of Sicily. i) Roger issued scattered island fiefs to his vassals, thus ensuring that no other lord would have a centralized base of power. ii) He further discouraged rebellion by outlawing private warfare. Without squabbles among his own vassals he was free to concentrate on improving the economy. iii) He adopted the diwan, a sophisticated financial record keeping system previously used by the Muslims. i) Organized the economy to benefit the state via monopolies. Increased state revenues allowed for increased military funding. ii) Established a fair judicial system that was open to community appeals. Frederick II Hohenstaufen (1212-1250) i) In order to gain the crown of the German Empire, Frederick promised the Pope that he would relinquish control of Sicily to the Papacy. However, he reversed that decision once he was crowned. ii) Placed all castles and towns under royal administration. iii) In 1231 he instituted the Constitutions of Melphi, which made all courts subordinate to the royal court. iv) With these two reforms, Frederick had complete control over the nobility, townspeople, and the judiciary. v) In 1224 founded the University of Naples to train the growing bureaucracy. This gave him more capable rulers. vi) Because he ruled so well and so fairly, he gained the peoples consent to regular taxation- very rare and hard to achieve in these times as taxes were customarily levied only during emergencies. ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Fitness program for Snooki from jersey shore Essay

Fitness program for Snooki from jersey shore - Essay Example cise, exercise gives individual the benefits that cannot be achieved from dieting as it allows the individual to boost their metabolism while making sure the body burns the fats that are not needed. Exercise can be used to build muscles, enhance the shape of the body and result in a firm and toned body while dieting alone cannot promise a body that is firm and toned. When combined with dieting, exercise increases the rate of losing weight (Caballero, Allen and Prentice, 411). Nicole â€Å"Snooki† Polizzi is a reality TV personality and dancer who is famous for being a member of the cast of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore among other shores including talk shows. She has struggled with anorexia while growing up as a consequence of cheerleading but her parents helped her deal with the disease. As an adult, she gained weight especially when she was starring in Jersey Shore. This fitness program is aimed at assisting her reduce her weight to healthy levels through working out and a healthy diet. This fitness program takes between four to twelve weeks depending on the weight that is to be lost. It should be followed together with healthy eating and a control of portions, which means eating the appropriate food in the required quantities at the correct times so that it can be easier to burn pounds of fat each week. The program will include a resistance program that will assist in gaining muscles meaning that progress will have to be monitored through body measurements as well as body fat percentages. In order to maximize the reduction of body fat, the type of food and its portions should be changed to fit the new way of life. Losing weight can be achieved with the kind of diet a person takes but in order to increase the muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness, gym workouts will be required. Therefore, a weight loss fitness program should stimulate as much fat as possible through three full body workouts every week with two day of cardiovascular exercises and two

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Marginal revenue in market economies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 138

Marginal revenue in market economies - Essay Example The first component is the marginal revenue (MR), which is the extra profit gained on top of the marginal profit when the output quantity is increased (Samuelson & Marks, 44). This means that every increase in output generates further revenue. The second component is the marginal cost (MC), which is the extra amount that is needed to produce an extra quantity (Samuelson & Marks, 45). Usually, this figure is constant for every additional unit of output. Thus far, the profit made by firms is arrived at by subtracting,  marginal cost from the marginal revenue (MR-MC). The difference is what is called the marginal profit. Nonetheless, firms maximize their profits when the additional MR equals the extra MC. Similarly, firms are said to maximize their profits when their average total cost (ATC) is at their lowest. Hence, it can be deduced that firms maximize their profits when MR equals MC, which also equals ATC (Samuelson & Marks, 47). Accordingly, this analysis is important for the goo dness of market economies because it provides the firms with the most necessary empirical association in market economies. For one, it tells firms to first examine their basic goal, which is profit. This is derived from the difference between MR and MC. Secondly; it informs firms that their decisions on prices and output quantity have the significant impact on their market profits (Samuelson & Marks, 31). Finally, it informs firms that they must make good decisions to balance their demand and cost curves if they are to maximize their profits at the lowest

Monday, November 18, 2019

United Nations Global Compact Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

United Nations Global Compact - Research Paper Example Two principles which will be discussed in this memo are principle 1 and 10 i.e. dealing with human rights as well as the corruption. Principle 1 of the Initiative basically indicates that the firms should support and protect the internationally proclaimed human rights. Principle 10 however deals with the corruption and makes it important for the firms not to engage in any kind of corruption including bribery and extortion.1 Considering the above principles, our firm therefore is willing to offer its sincere recommendations and suggestions in this regard. We therefore propose that the corporate members of this local network group must evolve a clear understanding of what are some of the expectations from members while following the initiative besides ensuring that all the firms comply with the regulations at various levels rather than ignoring them at one stage and complying with them on the other. This would ensure that the principles are followed in their true spirit by all. Our firm strongly believes in these principles and has endeavored to inculcate them into our organizational culture in a manner that will ensure the compliance with all the principles. Our experience however, also suggests that the firms or partners whom we work with may not be in complete compliance with the principles outlined in Global Compact Initiative. As such it becomes our implied responsibility to ensure that all the stakeholders truly understand the relative significance of these principles. Further, the business implications for compliance of these principles can be relatively difficult because companies cannot effectively influence their partners who may be involved in violation of any of the above principles. Our experience with our partners in countries like Bangladesh also indicates that our suppliers engage into activities such as paying low wage rates, offering bribes to officials for getting approvals, having poor

Friday, November 15, 2019

Looking At The Communication Problems Of Databases Information Technology Essay

Looking At The Communication Problems Of Databases Information Technology Essay List the problems you experienced when you carried out a recent assignment. Try to put these problems into some order of magnitude. For each problem consider whether there was some way in which the problem could have been reduced by better organisation and planning by yourself. Client contacts always could not save on database. It cause serious error and network problems. Sometime client information cannot be updated. We need network administrators that can configuring and maintaining the server to make sure the process are always smooth. Too many man power jobs. Need to manually search information with paper by one by one. We need a database administrator to import all the information into the database. Therefore, staff can search information easily by just searching the keywords. Communication does not go well between the staff. Sometimes staff need to share something interesting or share their knowledge, they just cannot speak out with sudden. A communication application is needed. We need a website administrator. They need to ensuring web servers are always online and maintain the website. With the web servers, staff can simply login to the forum and share their thought. 2. Identify the main types of personnel employed in an ICT department. For each stage of a typical ICT development project, list the types of personnel who are likely to be involved. Project Manager They able communicate with other project members. They manage multiple information and technology projects. They can lead the team to planning and developing. They also need to keep documentation from the projects. Webmaster They need to ensure web servers are always online and maintaining the website. They can create website and responsible for the content, quality and style of the website. Database Administrator They responsible to implements and maintain the database server. They also need to improve the performance and capacity issues so that there is no duplicate record in the database. Always make sure the accuracy and security of data are maintained. Network and Security Administrator Their duties are prevent and monitor unauthorized access. Those misused, illegal action, modification through the network will get the deny request. They develop and maintain IT security solutions including firewalls and antivirus. IT Technician They install and able to maintain multi-platform network computer environments. They must have strong understand when face the problem and able to solve it. They also investigate, troubleshoot and resolve end-user problems. A public library is considering the implementation of a computer-based system to help administer book loans at libraries. Identify the stakeholders in such a project. What might be the objectives of such a project and how might the success of the project be measured in practical terms? There are few stakeholders who involved are project manager, programmers, database administrator, and librarian. The objective to implement this computer-based system is make the librarian can use the system easier, can search borrower information easier with a short time, and save paper work, all just key in to the computer and save it. By a practical test, programmers should probably do their best and there is error free from the system. While librarian using the system, if they feel comfortable and the system is user-friendly, then they will feel happy with it. That how is success of the project. 4. A software house has developed a customised order processing system for a client. You are an employee of the software house that has been asked to organize a training course for the end-users of the system. At present, a user handbook has been produced, but no specific training material. A plan is now needed for the project which will set up the delivery of the training courses. The project can be assumed to have been completed when the first training course starts. Among the things that will need to be considered are the following: Training materials will need to be designed and created; A timetable will need to be drafted and agreed; Date(s) for the course will need to be arranged; The people attending the course will need to be identified and notified; Rooms and computer facilities for the course will need to be provided for. Identify the main stakeholders for this project; Draw up a statement of the objectives for this project; For the objectives, identify the measures of effectiveness; For each objective, identify relevant sub-objectives or goals and who would be responsible for each of them Human Resource Manager, Project Manager, Software Developer and Instructor Instructor will teach the user how to use the system and understand how the system works. Instructor need to make sure every user know each of the steps of using the system. Software developer need to create a user-friendly system so that user would not feel complex or sophisticated when using the system. User would feel satisfied if they manage to fully understand the whole system. Users able to understand all the system will be achieved, if the following goals are achieved, Specific, all the training must be well-defined. Measurable, try to get customer satisfaction. Achievable, instructor able to give user to fully understand the system or system is user-friendly so that user would not feel frustrated when using the system. Relevant, the objective that be stated should relate to purpose of the project. Time constrained, instructor needed to set a timeline when should be start and when should be end. Therefore, there is no dragging or delay for the training course. 5. The idea behind a project is that students should be able to access details of available placements via an intranet. When there is a placement opportunity for which they wish to be considered, they would be able to apply for it electronically. This would cause a copy of their CV, which would also be held on-line to be sent to the potential employer. Details of interviews and placement offers would all be sent by e-mail. While some human intervention would be needed, the process would be automated as far as possible. You are required to produce a business case report for such an application, which justifies the potential development by showing that the values of its potential benefits outweigh its development and operational costs. Create lists of the main benefits and costs for the project. You do not have to specify actual figures, just the headings under which they would appear. Cost Salary of Manager : RM4000 Salary of Programmer : RM2500 Development cost : RM500-RM1000 Deployment cost : RM2500-RM3000 To build up a system and paying the wages for the employee, approximately total need RM10, 000 that needed to be invested. Benefit Quantifiable: With the development, deployment and operation cost, programmers able to create a good quantity system. Non-quantifiable: In order to let the student use the system, we must satisfy the student need. So, as a conclusion, although costing is more than benefit, but it is worth to do so, this is because we could create a good and useful system, make student work easier and satisfy student need. That is worth for it by everything.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Time, Life, and God in John Miltons Poetry Essay -- Poetry John Milto

Time, Life, and God in John Milton's Poetry John Milton's poems, "How Soon Hath Time" and "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent" both focus on life and how the time we are given is or should be spent. Milton uses the word "How" in both the titles and I cant help but wonder "Is there something to examine there?" How by itself is a question of is it possible, and if so then what needs to be done to make it possible. It, in this case is time: Is time possible or better yet, is it possible to stop time? If so then how will it be accomplished? What needs to happen to cause time to stop? Milton uses the speaker in this poem to explain a way of looking at time and how quickly time really does fly by. In these two poems the speakers refer to God as the, "Taskmaster", "Maker", and "Patience." The importance of God in the speakers' life is reflected in these two poems. The way both these poems are written it seems as if the speaker is the same person and also as if these poems were written to be read in an order as if, "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent", is a continuance of the poem, "How Soon Hath Time." Because of the similarities of these two poems it seems as if the speaker for each of these poems was Milton himself. In the two poems Milton explains that time is short and for him (the speaker), he wants to live by the will of God. The speaker explains how he believes God wants him to live and even though he doesn't like time going by so quickly he has accepted it and he respects what God wants for his life. Milton uses personification and references to God in both poems to not only set a mood, but also to show the reader a perspective of how one man, looks at the time that has passed him by and how he believes he should live ... ...ly set a mood but also to show the reader a perspective of how one man looks at the time that has passed him by and how he believes he should live his life. The essential messages to take away from these two poems are: life and time go by faster than one might think and to live your life by what's important for you, only you know what's important for you whether it be God in your life, or something else. For these speakers, the way they lived their lives was for God and that for them seemed to be most imperative. Works Cited Dictionary.com. Lexico Publishing Group. 18 Oct. 2005 <Dictionary.com>. Milton, John. "How Soon Hath Time." Literature A Pocket Anthology. Ed. Gwynn. New York: Penguin Acadenics, 2005. 489. Milton, John. "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent." Literature A Pocket Anthology. Ed. Gwynn. New York: Penguin Acadenics, 2005. 490.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Political Views on Social Inequality

Social inequality is prominent within our American society today. It affects and usually deteriorates the potential success of different classes of people living in America. With major issues like this present within in our society, there are many people who think that they have solutions. These groups of people can be classified into certain categories that Americans would label as Conservatives, Liberalists and Radicals. Each group has specific ideals and beliefs that they hold on to. They apply their values and beliefs into proposing probable solutions to society’s issues. When is comes to social inequality, each of these groups have many probable solutions to racial, gender and wealth inequality. Racial inequality has to deal with the affected success of different races due to societies influence, policies, and rules. Gender inequality is the failure to treat males and females as equal individuals of society. Wealth inequality is the lack of distribution of assets among the many people in America. Conservatives are stereotyped to be majority of rich white males, so it may seem like social inequality is a low agenda for them. In reality, it’s an issue that is just as important. Nevertheless people think that â€Å"conservatives are racists† because they do not think its necessary to make rash decisions and changes to society. Conservatives believe social inequality is caused by shortcomings of society. Their solution to racial inequality is not as elaborate because they feel as though there is not a big enough problem to fix in that area. Yet, if there is going to be change, it must be very cautious and subtle. For gender inequality, conservatives believe that humans were not born perfect and not everyone is capable of doing whatever they want. So when it comes to gender inequality, they do not full heartedly fight for the feminist movement because it is their belief that if men are excelling more in society, then its meant to be like that. As for wealth inequality their solution to that is to the have the market in control with low taxing so it is more like an aristocracy. In order to address wealth inequality, Conservative individuals would try to help unemployed individuals go back to school for higher education. They may encourage ways to make them more approachable and prepared for better careers. Other than that they will not go through long strides like libertarians or radicals. They want their concentration to be on family religion, morals and tradition. Libertarians want to see slight change in how our government works. They are not extremists like radicals, but they are a little more comprisable. They seek reform in order to fight against social inequality. Libertarians and Radicals make it more obvious than conservatives that social inequality is a major issue. Libertarians want power to the people that live in the country just as radicals do. When it comes to wealth inequality they want there to be a smaller discrepancy between rich and poor. That means increasing minimum wage and taxing people that are rich. Radical can either choose to be on extreme ends. Either they can be really conservative or really libertarian. They just want to go above and beyond in every decision and movement being made. It sounds like they are Libertarian because they want to see change in the government, but they seek more drastic changes. In terms of gender inequality, feminists in this group feel like the country is letting men overpower women. Therefore radical’s solutions to these problems would be protests aiming to change government completely with a different system, which does not seem feasible. Overall, people who are conservative, liberal, or radical seem to come from certain backgrounds. Those who seem to have good income would rather be taxed less and promote conservative views. Yet those who may receive welfare and need financial help may favor libertarian views of wealth equality. When it comes to racial and gender equality the rich go towards liberal and the poor go towards conservative views. This is not true for everyone, but it’s a general trend that seems to be true. Therefore, radicals are not as common. Conservatives and Libertarians are more feasible but many side with different points of each group of people.